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of the Neolithic Stone Period have been found, there is a cave at 

 Mont Saleve, near Geneva, where reindeer remains occur with 

 instruments like these ; while in the lake dwellings of the Polished 

 Stone Period, reindeer are entirely absent. Of our English caverns, 

 the principal is Kent's Cavern, near Torquay, undergoing explora- 

 tion by a Committee of the British Association, of which Mr. 

 Pengelly and Mr. Vivian are the most active members. In that 

 cave a number of remains of extinct animals have been found, 

 associated in a few cases with instruments like those from the 

 French caves, including barbed harpoons of reindeer horn. In a 

 lower deposit, beneath large masses of stalagmite, there have been 

 found a certain number of stone instruments of the same character 

 as those which have been found in the river gravels. Much the 

 same class of remains, that is to say, bones of extinct animals side 

 by side with implements fashioned by the hand of man, were found 

 in a cave near Wookey Hole, explored by Mr. Boyd Dawk ins some 

 years ago, 



I think that I have now said enough to you with regard to the 

 cave instruments to show that the fauna with which they are 

 associated is distinct in its character from that which belonged to 

 the ordinary Stone Period. I now turn to those found in old river 

 drift — that is to say, in gravels which appear to have been de- 

 posited in old river-beds by water flowing at a higher elevation 

 than that at which the rivers now flow. It is only of late 

 years that much attention has been called to these deposits. M. 

 Boucher de Perthes, in 1846, was the fii'st who published any 

 account of the instruments found in the gravels of the Eiver 

 Somme, and he was followed up by Dr. Eigollot at Amiens. In 

 1858 Dr. Falconer visited M. de Perthes' collection, and mentioned 

 tlie subject to Mr. Prestwich. In April, 1859, Mr. Prestwich and 

 I visited the spot, and satisfied ourselves as to the authenticity of 

 M. Boucher de Perthes' discoveries. 



The discoveries have since been multiplied to a very great extent, 

 and now there is hardly an important river-valley in France in 

 which such implements have not been discovered. Researches 

 which have extended over the greater part of southern England 

 have also been well rewarded. With regard to the beds of Amiens, 

 I may give you some short account of them as typical examples of 

 the nature of the beds in which these instruments occur. At the 

 surface you have a varying depth of from nine to ten feet of brick 

 earth, gravelly at its base, containing but few fossils; but from time 

 to timo there are found imbedded in this brick earth implements 

 of flint, wliich, though wliitened by ago, have not undergone any 



