HEATING AND LIGHTING UTENSILS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM 19 



(and freely burned) in the Great Golden Pagoda at Rangoon, Burma, 

 December 30, 1885," writes the donor. (Cat. No. 129532, Rangoon, 

 Burma; Rev. C. H. A. Dall; 3.8 inches (9.5 cm.) long.) 



There are a number of candleholders connected with special occu- 

 pations and of much human interest. These show invention off the 

 beaten track and are examples of the adaptiveness of the plain 

 people. About the domestic textile industry there are needs for 

 special lighting and a number have been used. The weaver, for 

 instance, plying her loom in the twilight hours or on dark days 

 had a thin S-shape iron candlestick with a hook to hang it con- 

 veniently before the work. (PI. 6&, fig. 7, Cat. No. 178798, Antrim, 

 Ireland; Edward Lovett; 18 inches (46 cm.) long.) The brewer 

 had a candleholder cut from a block of wood with hand grasp, 

 socket in the middle and an awl point at the other end for thrusting 

 into casks. (PI. 11a, fig. 4, Cat. No. 178361, Washington, D. C; 

 Oeorge Woltz; 7.9 inches (20 cm.) long.) Another form of iron 

 with a vertical and horizontal spike leg was useful in many places 

 from the holds of New England shijDs to the barns of New Jersey. 

 (PI. 11a, fig. 3, Cat. No. 25937, Gloucester, Mass.; A. McCurdy 

 Crittenden; 4.5 inches (11.5 cm.) long.) Western hard rock miners 

 used a candlestick having a spring socket, a hook, a loop handle, and 

 & long spike which on emergency could be or was reported to be 

 useful as a dagger. (PL 11a, fig. 2, Cat. No. 129836, Colorado; 

 Edward Wyman; 9.8 inches (25 cm.) long.) The miner's candle- 

 stick seems to have attracted American inventive spirit, for several 

 improvements on the older form are in the collection. One specimen 

 of excellently finished ironwork has a hinged spike with pivoted stop, 

 which when folded down allows the candle to be hung to the hat 

 by means of the hooks. The patent was granted September 4, 1877. 

 (PI. 11a, fig. 5, Cat. No. 251460; U. S. Patent Office; 7.7 inches 

 (18.5 cm.) long.) Another is a miner's folding candlestick with a 

 knife blade incorporated. (PL 11a, fig. 1, Cat. No. 251466; U. S. 

 Patent Office; dated April 3, 1883. 8.2 inches (21 cm.) long.) Dur- 

 ing the Civil War in the United States the bayonet sometimes had a 

 more peaceful employment than its designed purpose as a candle- 

 stick. Fortunately, the caliber of the bayonet and that of the 

 candles used at the period agreed, but any adjustment necessary 

 could be made with a bit of paper. (PL lib, fig. 2, Cat. No. 325620; 

 Walter Hough; 20.5 inches (52 cm.) long.) The Northern lumber- 

 jacks had a device suggesting the bayonet candlestick. The candle 

 was held in the cleft of a sharpened stick by a strip of birch bark. 

 Model from a drawing by David I. Bushnell, jr. (PL 11&, fig. 1, Cat. 

 No. 325621, 23.4 inches (59.5 cm.) long.) The famed Gloucester 

 fisherman in the eighties used a tin candle dish furnished with a 



