HEATING AND LIGHTING UTENSILS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM 21 



in its bill. (PL 13, fig. 1, Cat. No. 248625, Japan; Eleanor Wallace; 

 15.3 inches (39 cm.) high, and fig. 2, Cat. No. 315086, Japan; Mrs. 

 John Van Kensselaer HofT; 11.5 inches (29 cm.) high.) 



WOODEN CANDLESTICKS 



Specimens of wood are not common, perhaps on account of the 

 thought of risk of burning. Most of those in the Museum collection 

 are from parts of Finland, secured at a time when a most interesting 

 primitiveness was observed in the life of the folk. Plate 14, figure 7, 

 is a joined candlestick of wood with an iron socket. This candle- 

 stick was whittled from wood in a way to suggest turning. (Cat. No. 

 167862; Hon. John M. Crawford; 10.1 inches (26 cm.) high.) Fig- 

 ure 9 is made from a multiforked branch, with the socket cut out 

 of the stem. (Cat. No. 167863, Finland; Hon. John M. Crawford; 

 5.8 inches (15 cm.) high.) Figure 10 appears to be a very old speci- 

 men cut from wood. (Cat. No. 167941, Finland; Hon. John M. 

 Crawford; 5.8 inches (15 cm.) high.) Figure 8 is a candlestick 

 turned from walnut and used in the church of the Seventh Day 

 Adventists at Ephrata, Lancaster County, Pa., many years ago. 

 (Cat. No. 4,812; Miss Concordia W. Myers; 7.8 inches (20 cm.) high.) 



I CANDLBSTICKS OF EABTHENWARE AND STONE 



Ruder forms of unglazed pottery and examples cut from soft stone 

 are presented here. They are folk craft not depending in most cases 

 on a customary form such as appear at the time of the trades. An 

 interesting specimen is a cylindrical block of chalk with central 

 candle socket. This was used by the Brandon, England, gun-flint 

 makers for measuring time while at work. Chips of flint were 

 stuck in the candle at one-hour spaces previously determined. (PI. 

 14, fig. 1, Cat. No. 211911, Brandon, England ; Edward Lovett ; 2.7 

 inches (7 cm.) diameter.) Figure 3 is cut from sandstone and 

 rudely ornamented with parallel scores representing rain. Rude 

 stone candlesticks have been collected from several of the eastern 

 Pueblos. They are of course post-Conquest and appear to have been 

 used in the Mission churches. (PL 14, fig. 3, Cat. No. 234749, 

 Jemez, Pueblo, New Mexico; Mrs. Matilda C. Stevenson; 5 inches 

 (12.7 cm.) diameter.) Figure 2 is an earthenware candlestick 

 slightly glazed, with drip catcher and hole for ejecting the stub 

 end. (Cat. No. 115797, Indian potters of San Pedro, Mexico; Ed- 

 ward Palmer; 3.2 inches (8 cm.) diameter.) Figure 5 is an earthen- 

 ware dish candlestick which is quite effective for its lowly use. 

 (Cat. No. 73893, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico; Louis H. Ayme; 4.4 

 inches (11 cm.) diameter.) Figure 6 is a candlestick pinched out of 

 clay and baked. It was used by the Indians of Santa Cruz, Mexico. 

 (Cat. No. 175565; Edward Palmer; 3.3 inches (8.5 cm.) diameter.) 



