HEATING AND LIGHTING UTENSILS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM 23 



skill in design. The pair to the left had the Victorian hallmark 

 of 1886 and the initials of the maker, J. K. B. These are no doubt 

 a copy of earlier Georgian silversmith's work. The base is loaded 

 with cutler's cement of resin covered with an iron plate. (PI. 17, 

 fig. 2, Cat. No. 311534, England; Elizabeth S. Stevens; 5.2 inches 

 (13 cm.) high.) The second pair are the antithesis in design of the 

 first pair, showing a circular base and a stem of soft curves. The 

 base is loaded with a cast-iron plate. (PI. 17, fig. 2, Cat. No. 311535, 

 (no mark) ; 5.5 inches (14 cm.) high-) More ornate candlesticks are 

 Sheffield with mark, probably 1800, and appear to follow the French 

 style of Louis the Fourteenth. (PI. 17, fig. 4, Cat. No. 311531, 

 England; Elizabeth S. Stevens; 10.2 inches (26 cm.) high.) The 

 middle pair are plate. Rococo in style, and follow the art of Louis 

 Sixteenth, the stem showing the return to classical art. (PI. 17, 

 fig. 5, Cat. No. 311532, England; Elizabeth S. Stevens; 12.6 inches 

 (32 cm.) high.) The third pair of Sheffield plate are called Chip- 

 pendale; that is, following the conception of that master designer. 

 The sockets are oblong rectangular. The bases are weighted and 

 the bottoms covered with green baize. The date of these candle- 

 sticks is believed to be near 1770. (PI. 17, fig. 6, Cat. No. 311530, 

 England; Elizabeth S. Stevens; 10.4 inches (27 cm.) high.) At one 

 period many candlesticks were made in France from designs fur- 

 nished by sculptors, sometimes by eminent artists who may have 

 been in need. The period perhaps coincided with that of pottery 

 figures and groups, which must always be regarded as an unwar- 

 ranted departure from the true field of ceramics. To some extent 

 the same may be said of the candlestick miniature groups in silver 

 and brass which served mainly to increase the supply of scarcely 

 useful bric-a-brac. A pair of these is shown in Plate 17, Figure 1, 

 representing a camel bearing a fanciful candle socket. This pair is 

 marked Reed and Barton and simulates silver. (Cat. No. 311651, 

 United States; Elizabeth S. Stevens; 4 inches (10 cm.) high.) 



CANDLESTICKS OF PEWTER 



Not so many pewter candlesticks have come down from the period 

 of their use. Pewter, on account of its liability to distortion and the 

 care required to keep it presentable, and also the economic demand 

 for old pewter for other uses, had a tendency to become scarce. One 

 of the best specimens of pewter candlestick is that which belonged 

 to Col. Joseph Warner, of the Massachusetts Colony, exhibited in the 

 collection of the Society of Colonial Dames in the historical collec- 

 tion of the U. S. National Museum. (Cat. No. 486, Massachusetts; 

 Mrs. Marcus Benjamin; 8.5 inches (21 cm.) high. PI. 16, fig. 1). 

 Two old German pewter candlesticks from Hildesheim are in the 

 collection. They are enameled, except on the rings in red and 

 54261—28 3 



