TABLE OF CONTENTS 



Pago 



Introduction •*• 



Torch and candle ^ 



Torch . 



3 



Torch holders ^ 



Candle '^^ 



Taper holders -^^ 



Candle making ^^ 



Pricket candlesticks 20 



Wooden candlesticks 21 



Candlesticks of earthenware and stone 21 



Glazed pottery and glass candlesticks 22 



Silver and plate candlesticks 22 



Candlesticks of pewter 23 



Candlesticks of brass 24 



Candlesticks of hammered iron 25 



Candlesticks of cast iron 26 



Candle dishes of metal 26 



Candlesticks with wind glasses 27 



Candle arms 27 



Candelabra 28 



Sconces 29 



Chandeliers 29 



Lanterns 30 



Church candlesticks 39 



Night light candles and holders 40 



Time candles 40 



Snuffers, snuffer trays, and extinguishers 41 



Modern improvements on the candlestick ! 42 



Primitive lamps 43 



Ancient lamps 47 



Float lamps 51 



Simple lamps 53 



Wick channel lamps 54 



Spout lamps 61 



Wick-tube lamps 63 



Time-indicating lamps 67 



Camphine lamps 68 



Lamps of the inventive period 70 



Gas lamps 75 



Heating devices 76 



Genesis of cooking devices 77 



Methods of cooking 78 



Brazier 78 



Heated irons and hot-water vessels 79 



Hot-water appliances 80 



Slow-burning fuel devices 80 



Hand and foot warmers 81 



in 



