58 BULLETIN 141^ UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



S. B, Dean; 9.3 inches (21 cm.) high.) Figure 2 is from Tetuan, 

 Morocco, of brass having four wicks and a hook for hanging. 

 Attention is called to the similarity of this lamp to the Flemish 

 example. (Cat. No. 76484, Morocco; U. S. Department of State; 

 8.3 inches (21 cm.) high.) An old Italian two-light lamp of copper 

 is a good example of an early device. In the Italian lamps of this 

 type the wick is supi^orted on a small metal channel soldered at the 

 lower end to the bottom. This gives a more secure setting for the 

 wick. (PI. 45, fig. 4, Cat. No. 153891, Kome, Italy; G. Brown 

 Goode; 3.5 inches (9 cm.) wide, 5.6 inches (14 cm.) long.) Figure 5 

 is a similar lamp of copper with four wick points. (Cat. No. 153894, 

 same locality and collector; 4.9 inches (12.5 cm.) square.) Figure 6 

 is the Ceylonese lamp described on page 56. An antique French 

 iron three-wick lamp is of the simple character of its class. It has 

 a long hooked support with swivel for hanging. (PI. 54, fig. 6, 

 Cat. No. 289436, France; Anton Heitmuller; 15.4 inches (39 cm.) 

 long.) The simple metal lamps of Europe show many variations 

 due to adaptations for local, industrial, and even personal uses. 

 These minor inventions have the essential parts of the lamp, namely, 

 the reservoir and wick installation, in its age-old condition. For 

 purposes of classification we have lamps with and lamps without 

 drip catchers. Some of these in the collection are figured on 

 Plate 55. Figure 10 is of copper and iron, of antique French work, 

 and the ratchet for tilting the lamp is found nowhere else. There 

 was some discussion among French antiquarians as to whether a 

 reservoir was set in the hollow portion of the lamp, but it was 

 decided in the negative. Old French and Italian iron cruisies sub- 

 stantiate this. (Cat. No. 130590, France; John Durand: 3.5 inches 

 (9 cm.) diameter.) Figure 12 is an old Italian cniisie of ham- 

 mered iron with bowed handle at the back and spike hook of twisted 

 iron for hanging. (Cat. No. 153896, Siena, Italy; G. Brown Goode; 

 14.2 inches (36 cm.) long when hung.) Another from Siena (fig. 

 15) has the handle extended and a hook at the end for some special 

 purpose, as a weaver's light. The walls of the reservoir are orna- 

 mented with chisel work. (Cat. No. 153895, same locality and col- 

 lector; 14.2 inches (36 cm.) long.) Figure 16 is a French beaten- 

 iron hand lamp of the fourteenth century with a narrower wick 

 channel than usual in crusies. This lamp has a handle beaten out 

 thin and convenient for moving the vessel. (Cat. No. 216072, 

 France; S. B. Dean; 7.5 inches (19 cm.) long, 2 inches (5 cm.) high.) 

 A wrought-iron crusie from the old manor at Dedham, Mass., has 

 a cruciform handle with hole at the top for fastening the hook. 

 The lamp is much like the French specimen described above. (Fig. 

 14, Cat. No. 151481, Dedham, Mass., 4.4 inches (11 cm.) long, 3.8 

 inches (10 cm.) high.) A cast-brass lamp which was in common 



