HEATING AND LIGHTING UTENSILS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM 59 



use in northern France is Figure 11, The body of this is pear shape, 

 connected to a bell-shape apex by four narrow bands, probably rep- 

 resenting the chains of a hanging lamp. The spout is straight. 

 The drip catcher is a small simple crusie hung on a hook below. 

 The reservoir is filled by a projection and opening in the side. The 

 hook is of cast brass. (Cat. No. 205377, northern France; S. B, 

 Dean; 12.2 inches (31 cm.) long.) 



In Figure 13 is shown a brass standing circular lamp with wick 

 channel bent on the border. A tongue soldered to the bottom of the 

 lamp inclines above the wick channel and is for holding the wick 

 steady. This feature is found in Italian crusies and obviates the 

 use of a separate drip catcher. The date of this improvement is 

 not known. (Cat. No. 207818, Leyden, Holland; H. D. Paxson; 

 5.9 inches (15 cm.) high.) The crusies next to be taken up have 

 the familiar drip catcher duplicating the reservoir. The specimen 

 shown as Figure 17 is of excellently worked brass. The reservoir 

 is set on a hook projecting from the bowed handle. The shield- 

 shape top of the handle is perforated. Tweezers are attached by 

 a chain; the hook for hanging is missing. (Cat. No. 168317, Bel- 

 gium; S. B. Dean; 7.5 inches (19 cm.) high, 5.9 inches (15 cm.) 

 long.) Scotch crusies are a characteristic type well and strongly 

 made of iron. It is said that formerly crusie and drip catch reser- 

 voirs were hammered out in a stone mold, but probably not many 

 real blacksmiths would care to do it that way. Plate 54, Figure 2, 

 shows one of the ruder Scotch crusies with narrow long reservoir. 

 The reservoir is slipped on a hook on the handle and the latter is 

 bent over in the upper portion at right angles and at the extremity 

 is fastened the hook. (Cat. No. 130411, Scotland; Edward Lovett; 

 13.8 inches (35 cm.) long.) A very old crusie in the best style is 

 Figure 4. The projection at the back for hanging the reservoir is 

 stepped as in 130411 so that by pulling up the reservoir notch by 

 notch it may be tilted to allow the flow of oil to the wick, a simpler 

 device than in the French lamp described (p. 58). The Spanish 

 crusie (fig. 3) is smaller than the Scotch specimens and is very well 

 made. It also has a notch device for tilting the reservoir as in the 

 Scotch crusie. (Cat. No. 167061, Madrid, Spain; Walter Hough; 

 11.8 inches (30 cm.) long.) Figure 1 is a pottery lamp suggesting 

 the crusie from Algiers. (Cat. No. 175266; M. F. Savage; 7.1 inches 

 (18 cm.) long.) A typical Spanish crusie property of Mr. Gerrit 

 S. Miller and purchased at Burgos by him shows superior iron work 

 (pi. 54, fig. 8). The development of the crusie shows in an interest- 

 ing way the course of that of the Roman lamp. The crusie is really 

 the Roman lamp translated into the Iron Age. First the drip 

 catcher was abolished and the wick held on a grooved lip of metal, 



