60 BULLETIN 141, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



long ago adapted to Italian open lamps of metal. Next the crusie 

 was covered over, the lid hinged for placing the wick and filling. 

 The handle and hook-and-prick remained. Figure 1 on Plate 55 

 is a modern Spanish crusie of pressed tin with handle riveted and 

 soldered on. This has the look of factory manufacture and prob- 

 ably was made in France for Spanish trade; this lamp no doubt 

 being still used in out of the way places on the Peninsula. (Cat. 

 No. 167069, Madrid, Spain; Walter Hough; 12.7 inches (32 cm.) 

 long.) The crusie shown in Figure 2 was made in Washington 

 about 1820 and especial care was taken in its construction and finish. 

 The cover of the slot and reservoir moves to the right on a pivot. 

 The end of the handle is ornamented with a shield as in the Flemish 

 specimens. (Cat. No. 305620, S. C. Brown; 10 inches (25.5 cm.) 

 long.) The tin specimen (fig. 3) is a later form made among the 

 Pennsylvania " Dutch " at a time when the tinner was beginning to 

 supplant the blacksmith. The specimen is large for a crusie. The 

 lid is hinged and the hook of bent wire. (Cat. No. 72586, Muncey, 

 Pa.; N. J. Le Van; 10.6 inches (27 cm.) high.) Almost the last 

 word in the iron crusie is shown in Figure 4 from the same place 

 and collector. The handle and the cover of the reservoir are brazed 

 on, the little door slides on a pivot and the hook-spike is a fine piece 

 of quaint hammer work. The wick tender is also hand made. The 

 crusie is file finished. The specimen was probably not made in 

 America, but may be English or German. (Cat. No. 72588; 8.7 

 inches (22 cm.) long.) Among the Pennsylvania "Dutch" of past 

 generations habits of neatness and propriety required stands for 

 crusies. Formerly the crusie was hung up or stuck up at any con- 

 venient vantage point, perhaps usually near or in the chimney. The 

 stands represent the crusie entering into the intimate life of the 

 family. Also there were developed fillers for the lamp which could 

 be put near the fire to keep the grease fluid to pour into the schmutze 

 lamp, " fat lamp." A tin stand with pan and handle is shown in 

 Figure 5. This comes from Bucks County, Pa. (Cat. No. 207815; 

 Henry D. Paxson; 12.6 inches (32 cm.) high.) Stands of turned 

 wood painted were also used. (PI. 55, fig. 7, Cat. No. 207816, Bucks 

 County, Pa. ; Henry D. Paxson ; 9.1 inches (23 cm.) high.) The lamp 

 on this stand is from Worms on the Khine, Germany, presented by 

 T. Rothrock (Cat. No. 201426). Figure 9 is a crusie sliding on 

 a rod fastened in a weighted stand. (Cat. No. 207814, Bucks Coun- 

 ty, Pa.; Henry D. Paxson; 18.8 inches (48 cm.) high.) Figure 6 

 is a crusie filler of tin from Madrid, Spain. (Cat. No. 167034; Wal- 

 ter Hough; 7.5 inches (19 cm.) high.) Another is shown in Figure 

 8, also of tin. (Cat. No. 72352, Bainbridge, Pa.; George Bean; 6.1 

 inches (15.5 cm.) high.) 



