64 BULLETIN 141, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Goode; 7.1 inches (18 cm.) high.) Figure 9 is a frankly modern 

 application of the wick tube to the clumsy crusie, the remaining 

 unchanged features being the bowed handle with its hook spike. 

 (Cat. No. 167039, Madrid, Spain; Walter Hough; 11.5 inches (29 

 cm.) high.) Figure 5 is an old brass lamp with two spouts, a lid, 

 and a shank for insertion in a plate on a carriage. The wicks are 

 carried in tubes. (Cat. No. 168126, Italy; G. Brown Goode; 3.2 

 inches (8 cm.) wide, 4 inches (10 cm.) long.) Figure 6 has four 

 wick tubes slanted and having a slot as described in the remarks on 

 crusies. The slot device for raising the wick was continued for many 

 years into the nineteenth century. (Cat. No. 178445, Alexandria, 

 Va. ; Walter Hough; 5 inches (12.75 cm.) diameter, 4.2 inches (10.5 

 cm.) high.) Next appears the upright central wick tube, a most 

 important, almost epochal event in the history of illumination. The 

 lamps which were for ages unsynmietrical because the ancients had 

 drawn the wick to one side of their rude reservoirs gave way to the 

 balanced, erect lamps with light ascendant, which would be perfected 

 by modern progress. One-tube lamps initiate this advance and a 

 selection of them is on Plate 59. The oldest of these appear to be the 

 Pennsylvania " Dutch " grease lamps (figs. 3 and 10) , which do not 

 fulfill the conditions. of a closed reservoir, but have an upright cen- 

 tral tube for the wick. (Cat. No. 75353, Bainbridge, Pa.; George 

 Bean; 7 inches (18 cm.) high, 5.9 inches (15 cm.) diameter.) Figure 

 2 is a lamp of heavy brass of plain yet pleasing design. (Cat. No. 

 168315, England ; S. B. Dean; 8.75 inches (22 cm.) high.) Figure 11 

 is a quite old glass one-tube lamp. The tube is set in a cork and 

 inserted in the lamp as a cork in a bottle. This was the first method 

 with glass reservoir lamps. Metal lamps admitted of the use of 

 threads for screwing on the burner. (Cat. No. 177743, Massachu- 

 setts; Dr. Marcus Benjamin; 4.7 inches (12 cm.) high.) The pewter 

 lamps (figs. 7, 8) are also old. They were used as lights to go to 

 bed by. The former has a ventilating tube and differs in this respect 

 from other one-tube lamps. (Cat. No. 207817, Bucks County, Pa.; 

 Henry D. Paxson; 3.2 inches (8 cm.) high.) The other is a graceful 

 little lamp dating before 1800. (Cat. No. 151484, Providence, R. I.; 

 M. F. Savage; 4 inches (10 cm.) high.) Figure 13 is a Chinese 

 opium smoker's lamp with one tube and a glass globe. The base of 

 the lamp can be screwed over the upper portion. "(Cat. No. 77132, 

 New York City; Gen. Fitz John Porter; 2.9 inches (7.25 cm.) diam- 

 eter, 2.8 inches (7 cm.) high.) Nos. 1, 6, and 9 are lamps current in 

 Madrid in 1892. No. 1 is mounted for hanging when required and 

 the others have a hinged extinguisher cap. (Cat. Nos. 167422, 

 167032, 167023; collected by Walter Hough.) Figure 4 is a tin table 

 and sconce lamp, excellently made from this material. (Cat. No. 

 204681, Guanajuato, Mexico; Walter Hough; 6.7 inches (17 cm.) 



