HEATING AND LIGHTING UTENSILS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM 67 



elusion. (Cat. No. 204891, United States; C. A. Q. Norton ; 8.4 inches 

 (21.5 cm.) high.) Figure 1 is a pressed glass two-tube lamp with 

 pewter collar from the same locality and collector. (Cat. No. 204893; 

 9.5 inches (24 cm.) high.) Figure 3 is an old pressed-glass lamp 

 still containing the thickened whale oil customarily burned in these 

 lamps before 1829. (Cat. No. 130670, Baltimore, Md. ; J. T. Durney ; 

 11 inches (28 cm.) high.) An excellent specimen of pressed-glass 

 lamp with pewter collar is shown in Figure 5. (Cat. No. 204890, 

 United States; C. A. Q. Norton; 6.5 inches (16.5 cm.) high.) 



A pewter lamp of good form and with an ornamental handle is of 

 English manufacture. The burner is screwed into a threaded brass 

 collar. (PL 60, fig. 2, Cat. No. 311710; Elizabeth S. Stevens; 10 

 inches (25 cm.) high.) 



In the period following the practical disuse of the candle in 

 lanterns the two-tube fish or lard oil burner was adopted, as shown 

 in the mica-window lantern. (PI. 46, fig. 3), dating about 1800, and 

 collected in Alexandria, Va. 



Lamp and candlesticks as adjuncts figured in the state of illumina- 

 tion at the time when the reservoir lamp was superseding the older 

 devices. Lamp reservoirs intended to be set in a stem or joined to a 

 stem and base had a peg at the bottom which would fit into a candle- 

 stick. Plate 60 shows a wooden stand for a set of these lamps to be 

 used by hotel guests and when carried to the bed chambers to be set 

 in the candlestick which already furnished the room. The specimen 

 on the left has the burner inverted to show the expansion of the tubes 

 toward the base, which construction was customary in the two-tube 

 lamps. The stand and lamps were used in a hotel at Ellsworth, Me., 

 probably in the early thirties. (Cat. No. 326350, Ellsworth, Me.; 

 D. I. Bushnell, jr.; 13.9 inches (35 cm.) long, 7.1 inches (18 cm.) 

 wide.) 



TIME-INDICATING LAMPS 



Observations on the gradual wasting away of oil in the reservoir 

 of a lamp suggested to some unknown experimenter a means of 

 marking time, perhaps following up the idea of the sand glass and 

 clepsydra. On this line of thought King Alfred traditionally pre- 

 pared his time candles (p. 40). Prof. S. P. Langley became inter- 

 ested in pr mitive chronometrics years ago and initiated the collec- 

 tion of such devices in the National Museum. Among the specimens 

 which Doctor Langley collected for this exhibit was a time lamp of 

 pewter with ovate glass reservoir mounted as in the Argand lamp, 

 delivering oil by gravity to the wick laid horizontally in a spout. 

 The reservoir is encircled vertically with a pewter girdle having on 

 one face the hour and half -hour divisions from 9 to 6 and on the 

 opposite side a handle for convenience in setting the reservoir in 



