HEATING AND LIGHTING UTENSILS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM 69 



207820, Philadelphia, Pa.; Henry D. Paxson; 11.2 inches (28.5 cm.) 

 high.) A smaller specimen of pewter, also fitted with two tubes, is 

 Figure 7. (Cat. No. 175591, United States; M. F. Savage; 7.1 inches 

 (18 cm.) high.) Figure 5 is an ornate lamp of brass and marble 

 fitted with five tubes and globe. The column bears a bas-relief of 

 Jefferson ( ? ) surrounded with wreath and surmounted by a spread 

 eagle. The column is much older than the reservoir and appears to 

 have been fitted with an Argand type, probably the astral. (Cat. 

 No. 168306, District of Columbia; Walter Hough; 19.7 inches (50 

 cm.) high.) A bottle lamp with one tube is shown in Figure 3. 

 (Cat. No. 92866, Haiti; Foreign Exposition, Boston, Mass.; 5.2 

 inches (13 cm.) high.) A tin lamp from the same source is Figure 

 9. (Cat. No. 92867; 6.8 inches (15 cm.) high.) A small bedroom 

 lamp of glass with one tube and cap hung by a chain is shown in 

 Figure 10. (Cat. No. 207811, Philadelphia, Pa.; Henry D. Paxson; 

 4.2 inches (10.5 cm.) high.) A typical camphine table lamp with 

 graceful glass reservoir, brass column, and marble base is a con- 

 verted whale-oil lamp of the later part of the period when that 

 fluid was burned. (PPl. 63, fig. 1, Cat. No. 178189; 13.5 inches (34 

 cm.) high.) Improvemets on the camphine burner in the interest 

 both of light and safety were brought out in America and Europe. 

 One of these with globular gas chamber and perforated disk burner 

 is shown in Plate 62, Figure 2. (Cat. No. 130430, Broadalbin, 

 N. Y.; F. S. Hawley; 14.2 inches (36 cm.) high.) This lamp has 

 been converted to camphine from whale oil. Another old lamp of 

 pewter is supplied with an improved burner (fig. 8). Cat. No. 

 130671, Baltimore, Md. ; I. T. Durney ; 13 inches (33 cm.) high.) An 

 improved camphine lamp based on the gravity principle with stop- 

 cock on the line and a fan-shape perforated burner (pi. 63, fig. 2), 

 was brought out in 1860. It is probable that by this plan of separat- 

 ing the fuel to some distance from the flame, as in the faker's gasoline 

 torches of 1875, the use of camphine would have been rendered safe. 

 Coal oil, however, superseded all other lamp fuels within a few 

 years. (Cat. No. 263465, United States; Mrs. Yates Davis Duke; 

 21.5 inches (54.5 cm.) high.) A chandelier for camphine with im- 

 proved burners is described on page 30. A wall lamp for camphine 

 (pi. 63, fig. 3) has a horizontal cylindrical tank attached to a sconce. 

 From the bottom of the tank a tube supplies the fluid to an upright 

 secondary reservoir having the burner tube at the top. A tube curved 

 at the end and open leads from the top of the secondary reservoir 

 over the top of the tank. The burner is primed by stopping the end 

 of the curved tube and pumping air into the tank through a vent in 

 the top. When lighted the heat of the burner causes a constant flow 

 of camphine vapor mixed with air. (Cat. No. 325648, Baltimore, 



