HEATING AND LIGHTING UTENSILS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM 85 



come two small pottery stoves, one a tripod and the other double, 

 having four legs. (PI. 74a, fig. 1, 2; Cat. No. 238356, Philippine 

 Commission; 5.5 inches (14 cm.) diameter, 4.4 inches (11 cm.) 

 high; and fig. 2, Cat. No. 238356, Philippine Commission, 5.5 

 inches (14 cm.) long, 3.13 inches (8 cm.) high.) The right central 

 figure is a model of a stove from Laos, French Indo-China. (PI. 

 74a, fig. 3, Cat. No, 219640; C. C. Hansen.) Some of the little pot- 

 tery stoves of the San Bias Indians of Panama are of the brazier 

 draftless type. (See pi. 75, fig. 2-4.) A pottery bowl modified on the 

 rim to form a rest for the pot comes from the Philippines. (PI. 74&, 

 figs. 3, 4, 5; Cat. No. 238344; Philippine Commission, 7.5 inches (19 

 cm.) diameter.) Another, from San Fernando, Union, Luzon, has 

 three well- formed rests. (PI. 745, fig. 2 ; Cat. No. 238371 ; Philippine 

 Commission.) A well-defined expression of the idea of the three fire 

 bosses is seen in a small earthenware stove from the Philippines. 

 (PI. 74&, fig. 6; Cat. No. 238370, Philippine Commission; 4.7 inches 

 (12 cm.) high, 7.5 inches (19 cm.) diameter.) A large, massive earth- 

 enware stove of triangular shape with three bosses is also from 

 the Philippines. (Plate 746, fig. 1; Cat. No. 235184, Philippine 

 Commission; 15.4 inches wide, 14.6 inches long, and 7.1 inches high 

 (39 cm., 37 cm., 18 cm.). 



STOVES WITH RUDIMENTABT DKAFT 



The knowledge and utilization of draft grew slowly in the con- 

 sciousness of man. Its evolution has only been rapid in the latter 

 stages of man's progress. Charcoal also had its efiect in retarding 

 the development of draft in the domestic stove. This first manufac- 

 tured fuel, a sine qua no n in metallurgy, consumed slowly with a 

 minimum of air and sent out sufficient heat for common purposes. 

 Charcoal played the important part in the early stoves that bitu- 

 minous coal played in the modern stove. Attention is called to an 

 earthenware stove from Morocco, North Africa. This stove has 

 three spurs or pot rests and three holes perforated through the sides. 

 There is indication here that a little air entering these holes above 

 the fire would aid in combustion. Whether these holes were intended 

 to give draft is not determined. (PI. 75a, fig. 1, Dr. and Mrs. Tal- 

 cott Williams; 9.1 inches (23 cm.) diameter, 5.5 inches (14 cm.) 

 high.) An earthenware stove from Durango, Mexico, shows better 

 a rudimentary attempt at draft. Four holes are punched in the 

 vessel above the fire and one of these is larger and suggests a door 

 by which fuel could be put in. This vessel stands on three legs. 

 (PI. 76a, fig. 2; Cat. No. 176486; Edward Palmer; 13.4 inches (34 

 cm.) diameter, 9.8 inches (25 cm.)). Some of the small earthen- 

 ware stoves of the San Bias Indians of Panama, already men- 

 tioned, which were for warming and on occasion for burning incense. 



