86 BULLETIN 141, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



had small holes in the bottom. As a rule no American censers show 

 evidences of draft. (PL 75a, figs. 2-4; Cat. Nos. 327349, 237352, 

 327343, K. O. Marsh ; 6.3 inches diameter, 4.7 inches high ; 5.5 inches 

 diameter, 5.9 inches high; 4.4 inches diameter, 5.1 inches high (16 

 cm., 12 cm., 14 cm., 15 cm., 11 cm., 13 cm.).) An earthenware stove 

 from Colima, Mexico, shows a flat base extending to form a hearth 

 and walls curved in form of a horseshoe on which a cooking vessel may 

 be set. There may be seen here a rudimentary hearth, door, and 

 firebox, which point the way to the stove with draft. (PL 75*2, fig. 

 5 ; Cat. No. 152715, EdAvard Palmer ; 9.9 inches (25 cm.) long.) Small 

 stoves like this were for sale in the public market at Colima in 1896. 

 Another stove from Colima has a hearth, door, and firebox, the latter 

 sealed in, compelling the ingress and egress of air and gases through 

 the door and giving less ventilation than the specimen just described. 

 (PL 75a, fig. 6; Cat. No. 152714; Edward Palmer; 7.1 inches diam- 

 eter, 5.1 inches high (18 cm., 13 cm.).) A similar stove is found in 

 the Philippines, one specimen being rather rudely formed and the 

 other, from Occidental Negros, much better made and provided with 

 a base. (PI. 74c, figs. 5, 6; Cat. Nos. 238369, 238366, Philippine 

 Commission; 6.7 inches long (17 cm.).) From Sumatra comes a 

 model of a triangular earthenware stove with hook pot rests, the 

 base of the triangle forming the hearth. This stove suggests Hindu 

 origin. (PL 74c, fig. 7; Cat. No. 178666; Leiden Museum.) The 

 Siamese form is shown in model. It is well balanced and has an 

 extended hearth. (PL 74c, fig. 4; Cat. No. 178338, C. E. Eckels; 

 6.7 inches long (17 cm.).) The Javanese form consists of a pot with 

 a large opening in the side and a flanged rim on which the cooking 

 vessel rests. (PL 77, fig. 4; Cat. No. 178667, Leiden Museum.) 

 A pottery stove with three holes with projecting knob rests comes 

 from the Philippines. The fire placed back under the holes and the 

 perforations in the sides suggest that the maker of this stove was 

 reaching toward the principles of draft. (PL 74c, fig. 3; Cat. No. 

 326157, Luzon, P. I., Victor J. Evans; 9.5 inches diameter, 4.4 inches 

 high (24 cm., 11 cm.).) Another Philippine specimen has sets of 

 three perforations in the side of the bowl. (PL 74c, fig. 2; Cat. No. 

 216687, Philippine Commission; 9.1 inches diameter, 6.3 inches high 

 (23 cm., 16 cm.).) 



The Japanese kitchen range is an interesting development of the 

 draftless stove. The specimen in the United States National Mu- 

 seum has three fireplaces with large openings into the fire box. Char- 

 coal is the fuel, as noted for all simple stoves. It will be seen that 

 there is no intentional draft, as the cooking pots fit tightly over 

 the holes, but the large door admits of circulation of air in the fire 

 chamber, the heated current going out at the top of the opening. 



