HEATING AND LIGHTING UTENSILS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM 87 



(PI. 75&, fig. 4, Japanese Department of Education.) Stoves of 

 this character are found in various parts of the world. They were 

 found at Tonalon, Mexico, in 1900, whence came a well-made model 

 of a three-hole stove elevated on a substructure. (PL 77, fig. 3; 

 Cat. No. 132407, Walter Hough; dimensions of model, 5.1 inches 

 by 3.9 inches by 3.6 inches (5.1 inches (13 cm.), 3.9 inches (10 cm.), 

 3.6 inches (9 cm,).) Another specimen made of clay came from 

 the Philippines. (PL 75Z>, fig. 1; Cat. No. 238392, Philippine Com- 

 mission.) A similar structure with two holes comes from Jogo 

 Kabu, Togoland, Africa. (PL 756, fig. 3, Cat. No. 249777, Leipzig 

 Museum of Ethnology.) 



Two Etruscan stoves of simple character, dating from the third 

 century B. C, were found in Sovana, Italy, and are now in the 

 private collection of Odowardo Giglioli. They have arcaded open- 

 ings in the front and circular flaring openings on which pots were 

 set. (PL 75<?, figs. 1, 2; from photographs in the U. S. National 

 Museum; D. I. Bushnell, jr.) 



STOVES WITH AIR BOX AND GBATE 



The features which mark a great advance in the stove are the 

 grate beneath the fire and the air chamber beneath the grate, together 

 forming a rudimentary flue. With the incomplete data at hand it 

 seems difficult to fix the date of these inventions. It is suspected, 

 however, that they came late in the history of the stove. The simple 

 fire pot, various forms of which have been figured, is often improved 

 by the addition of a grate. These specimens are often contempora- 

 neous with the simple stove which has no doubt been retained by 

 custom. A specimen from Mexico, a model, is of graceful, brazier 

 form with foot and flaring mouth. The grate is the early one of 

 holes pierced through the bottom of the fire box into the air chamber. 

 (PL 77, fig. 5 ; Cat. No, 115798, San Pedro, near Guadalajara, Mex- 

 ico; Edward Palmer,) A stove model in white clay decorated with 

 red is from Madrid, Spain, and is furnished with grate bars. (PL 

 77, fig. 6; Cat. No. 166997, Walter Hough.) A model from Porto 

 Rico, West Indies, is neatly made from earthenware. It has a single 

 grate bar, leaving two openings, (PL 77, fig, 7; Cat. No, 201497, 

 Paul Beckwith.) A model from Guadalajara decorated in colors 

 has holes punched in the bottom of the fire box. (PL 77, fig, 8; Cat, 

 No, 175568, Edward Palmer.) A somewhat similar specimen from 

 Caracas, Venezuela, also has a perforated grate. (PL 77, fig. 9 ; Cat. 

 No. 136020, R. M, Bartleman.) A stove from Tetuan, Morocco, 

 worked from a block of tuff, has slits cut through the bottom of 

 the fire box. Originally the stove was hooped with iron bands. 

 (PL 77, fig, 2; Dr. Talcott Williams; 10,6 inches (27 cm.) high, 

 8.3 inches (21 cm.) square.) An earthenware stove from the Philip- 

 54261—28 7 



