92 BULLETIN 141_, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



inclose the chimney of a kerosene lamp. Articles to be heated 

 could be placed on the closed top of the cylinder. (PI. 78g, fig. 2; 

 Cat. No. 325609, Museum Collections, 1876; 5.9 inches (15 cm.) 

 diameter, 9.1 inches (23 cm.) high.) 



Electric heating has recently become of economic value, its usiB 

 having been retarded by the limited electric power available. En- 

 gineers regard electric heating as the most Avastef ul and costly method 

 of employing electricity and can not predict that it may ever be used 

 for general heating of houses. The conversion of electricity into 

 heat in small units over short periods of time is not unduly expensive 

 and has come into widespread use within a few years. An example 

 is given of an electric-foot stove in use during the winter of 1914-15 

 at the San Francisco Exposition. This stove has 106-114 volts and 

 6.8 amperes, and was made by the American Electric Heating Co., 

 Detroit, Mich. (PI 78c, fig. 3; Cat. No. 325610, Panama-Pacific 

 Exposition; 14.2 inches (36 cm.) wide, 12.6 inches (33 cm.) high.) 



STOVKS IX COMBINATION : COOKRRS, WATER HBATERS, ETC. 



There is a large class of vessels from which food or hot water 

 Avas served, the heating element being a hot iron, a spirit lamp, or 

 charcoal. These vessels are alwaj^s ornamental and are intended for 

 serving in the dining room. The presence of a heating device asso- 

 ciates these vessels with stoves and they may be called stoves in 

 combination. In some cases, as will be noticed, they are actual small 

 stoves with charcoal, fire box, and draft, a type of which is the 

 samovar, "self-cooker," of Eussia, probably of oriental origin. 



A good specimen of the incorporated stove is from Swatow, China, 

 made of pewter lined with brass. The air box is in the base and 

 has an ornamentally curved opening. The stove with grate stands 

 in the middle of the bowl and the draft opening is through 

 the lid. Food to be cooked or warmed is placed in the bowl and 

 receives heat through the sides of the fire vessel. The lid and vessel 

 have drop handles of brass. (PI. 80, fig. 3; Cat. No. 75326; Cen- 

 tennial Exposition, Philadelphia, 1876; 8.3 inches (21 cm.) diameter, 

 4.4 inches (11 cm.) high.) This vessel is almost duplicated in soap- 

 stone by the Korean sin syol lo^ skillfully made and finished in 

 polished black. An opening in the foot leads to the draft chamber, 

 and above this is the tubular fire box with grate. The lid fits down 

 over the bowl and edge of the fire box. The specimen is of the 

 samovar type. (PI. 80, fig. 5; Cat. No. 77054; Seoul, Korea; J. B. 

 Bernadou; 8% inches diameter, 7% inches high (22.5 cm. diameter, 

 19 cm. high).) 



Another self-contained stove, made of pcAvter and brass, repre- 

 sents China's contribution to the inventions connected with the 



