92 THE ESSEX FIELD CLUB. 



may, however, safely say that erratics are very much more abundant 

 at Chiver's Paun, Stondon Massey, Paslow Hall Farm, and at the 

 localities I have described along the Cripsey Brook than at Green- 

 sted or Navestock Park. 



At Harden Ash there were some very good sections in Boulder 

 Clay, one of them two furlongs N.W. of Harden Ash House, at a level 

 of 200 feet O.D., showed three feet of very white and chalky Boulder 

 Clay, containing pebbles of chalk and unworn flints, one of these 

 latter being eight inches long. I also noted a large broken flint over 

 one foot long, shells of Gryphaa and small quartz pebbles. 



The question whether the valley of the River Roding is Pre- 

 Glacial or not has given rise to some discussion.^^ On the whole I 

 am inclined to think that to a certain extent it is. There are a most 

 pleasing number of footpaths in the fields round Ongar, and I have 

 therefore been able to explore the boundary of the Boulder-Clay as 

 mapped very carefully, and it seems to me that the Boulder-Clay 

 shows a tendency to descend into the valley to a certain extent on 

 both sides of the river from Abridge to Ongar. Thus, at Theydon 

 Bois the P3oulder-Clay runs down the slope from 254 ft. O.D. to 

 160 ft. O.D. ; near Shonks Hill it comes down to about 150 ft. O.D. 

 on both sides of the river, and at Harden Ash the bottom of the 

 Boulder-Clay is about 190 ft. O.D. Above Ongar there is nothing 

 to show whether the Roding follows the course of an old Pre-Glacial 

 stream or not, for the glacial deposits have not been cut through by 

 the modern river. 



THE ESSEX FIELD CLUB. 



Field Meeting and 139TH Ordinary Meeting at Ilford. 

 Saturday, April 29th, 1893. 



On this afternoon an excursion was made in the neighbourhood of Ilford, 

 under the guidance of Mr. Walter Crouch, F.Z.S., Vice-President. The other 

 directors announced on the programme were Mr. F. C. J. Spurrell, F.G.S , and 

 Mr. T. G. Holmes, F.G.S., V.P., but both these at the last were unable to come. 



Starting from the station about 2.40, the members proceeded to Uphall, 

 where Mr. Crouch pointed out the site of the famous pit?, which have now for 

 some years been worked out and levelled. Here he gave an account of the 

 interesting remains of the mammals found in the brick earth, of Pleistocene age, 



13 Whitaker, op. cit., pp. 366-7. 



