GRAVELS NEAR I^ARKING SIDE, WANSTED AND WALTHAMSTOW. II5 



beauty of his work, should endeavour to imitate Constable's style and so build up 

 for themselves a new conventionality actually based upon the very works in- 

 tended to protest against such a principle. Constable, like every other man, 

 must needs have shown his personal individuality and a certain amount of 

 personal mannerism. To imitate these is to run counter to the very spirit which 

 he pioneered, and to revive in a new and subtle form the anti-natural convention- 

 ality which he spent his life trying to break through." 



The barge was finally moored near Brantham Lock instead of Manningtree 

 Lock, as announced in the programme, which is within half a mile of Manning- 

 tree Station ; but the visitors were able to reach the station in time, having half 

 an hour to spare, and were ready to forgive the extra walk in view of the very 

 pleasant outing which the directors, and Mr. Walter Crouch in particular, had so 

 successfully organised in this charming district. 



[We are much indebted to Messrs. Lawrence and Bullen, of Covent Garden, 

 for the kind loan of the block of the Old Bay and Say Mill, from Mr. Barrett's 

 "Essex Highways, Byways, and Waterwa} s, 1892."] 



ON THE GRAVELS NEAR BARKING SIDE, 

 WANSTEAD AND WALTHAMSTOW, ESSEX. 



Bv HORACE W. MONCKTON, F.L.S., F.G.S. 

 [Read at the meeting at Barking Side, Ju'y 1st, rSgj.] 



/^■^ARSWELL, the residence of Mr. Llewellyn Hatton, at which 

 ^-^ the following paper was read, is situated on the east of the 

 River Roding, about a mile and a-half from Barking Side Church. 



Its level is a little more than 50 feet above the sea, and from it 

 the ground slopes gradually up to a level of 118 feet at Clayhall. 

 The solid geology of the district is extremely simple. On the high 

 ground to the N.E. at Lambourne End there is a small patch of 

 Bagshot Sand and below it down to the Barking Reach of the River 

 Thames there is a wide stretch of London Clay. Well sections tell 

 us that below the London Clay are the clayey Woolwich and Read- 

 ing Beds, the Thanet Sands and the Chalk, which last was reached 

 by a well at the Britannia Works, Ilford, at a depth of 163^ feet 

 (Whitaker, " Geol. of London," vol. ii., p. 23). Upon the London 

 Clay are a variety of beds of Boulder Clay, Gravel and Sand which 

 are not so easy to understand as the solid geology. The oldest of 

 these Drifts in this neighbourhood is probably the patch of gravel at 

 Lambourne End at a level of 335 feet O.D. I found a small section 

 there in July, 1890, of which the following are the details : 



I 2 



