ANCIENT ENTRENCHMENTS AT UPHALF,, NEAR HARKING. 131 



Cress is called Naslnrtium when he has apprehended the nasi iortiutn, or nose 

 twisting, which its bitter flavour was supposed to excite ? Who would go on 

 talking about "C/einutis," when he has once associated the plant with the " brush- 

 wood " which the Greeks called /vXij/xaxt's ? And so on ; for it would be easy to 

 quote one example after another in which the dry bones of the dead languages 

 may be revived in the memory of the botanical student, bringing with them inter- 

 esting scraps of folk-lore, strange old herbalist notions, and quaint fragments of 

 bygone superstition. With the aid of a Greek lexicon, a Latin dictionary, and a 

 good et3'mological English one, I have simply disfigured the beautiful margins 

 of Sowerby's useful " British Wild Flowers " with notes, in a way which I heartily 

 recommend other students to adopt, and no doubt entomologists might find the 

 hint worth while remembering in their departments also. — X. Y. Z. 



ANCIENT ENTRENCHMENTS AT UPHALL, 

 NEAR BARKING, ESSEX. 



By WALTER CROUCH, F.Z.S. {Vice-President). 

 {Read on the top 0/ Lavender Mount, April 2Qih, iSg3.\ 



" I doe love these auncient ruynes : 

 We never tread upon them but we set 

 Oure foote upon some Reverend Historie." 



npHE earliest notice I have been able to find of these old earth- 

 works is in the Rev. P. Morant's " History and Antiquities of 

 Essex, 1768," Vol. I., p. 1-2, where he gives the following : 



" Berking. — Near the Road leading from Ilford to Berking, on 

 the north west side of the Brook which runs across it, are the Remains 

 of an ancient Entrenchment : one side of which is parallel with the 

 lane that goes to a Farm called Uphall ; a second side is parallel with 

 the Rodon, and lies near it ; the third side looks towards the 

 Thames ; the side which runs parallel with the road itself has been 

 almost destroyed by cultivation, though evident traces of it are still 

 discernible. We do not hear, that any other Fortifications or remains 

 of Antiquity, have been discovered here." 



Although I have carefully examined the numerous MSS. of 

 Jekyll and Holman, now in the British Museum, no mention of a 

 camp here occurs in any of the seventeen volumes. They form, 

 however, only a small portion of the materials for the history of 

 Essex collected by those writers. Gough mentions over forty 

 volumes of MSS. by Thomas Jekyll, of Booking (i 570-1653). 

 William Holman, of Halstead (Ob. 1730), extracted largely from 

 those in his possession, of which he made a catalogue in 17 15, a 



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