172 THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHITECTURE IN ESSEX. 



part of the subject, and give you a slight sketch of the history and 

 development of mouldings characteristic of the various periods as they 

 progressed. My remarks are illustrated by the plate of outline draw- 

 ings on the opposite page^. 



The mouldings of the Norman period were very simple, as 

 they never got beyond the chamfer, the roll, and the hollow. 

 The earliest examples of jamb mouldings, of course, were 

 perfectly square (Fig. i on plate), then the angle was chamfered 

 off (2), or converted into a roll (3), and these features, as time 

 progressed, were repeated, the square angles being further en- 

 riched by the introduction of shafts (4). Then, in the tran- 

 sitional period from Norman to Early English, the roll be- 

 came more detached by the introduction of a hollow on either side, 

 converting it more distinctly into a distinct member (5) ; sometimes 

 the roll became pointed (6) ; then, as Early English work became 

 developed, a deepish hollow was cut on either side of the roll or 

 bowtell (7), the pointed bowtell was sometimes depressed on one 

 side (8), sometimes the cylindrical bowtell was filletted, now on the 

 edge only (9), sometimes on one side only (10), at other times on 

 both sides and on edge (11). You will observe how these variations, 

 especially when the hollows were deeply under-cut, gradually divided 

 the jamb or arch as the case might be, into a series of depressed and 

 projecting mouldings, produced deep shadows and an infinite play of 

 light and shade. 



I should like to draw attention at this point to the fact that in 

 Gothic work there are three planes in which mouldings will be found 

 to lie — one parallel with the outer wall, called the wall plane, one at 

 right angles to it called the soffit plane, and the third the plane 

 formed by chamfering one edge generally, but not always, at an 

 angle of 45 degrees, called the chamfer plane. As a general rule 

 Early English mouldings lie on planes rectangular ; Decorated on 

 either these, or on the chamfer plane alone. Perpendicular almost 

 always lie on the last. The introduction of the fillet on the roll was 

 the most important feature in Early English work, and appears to 

 have brought about a revolution in the system of moulding, as it 

 afforded the opportunity of introducing a great variety of combina- 

 tions of mouldings. 



We have seen that the Norman mouldings were : i. The chamfer; 



- These drawings were kindly made by Mr. Wykeham Chancellor for reproduction by the 

 photographic process. — Ed. 



