174 THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHITECTURE IN ESSEX. 



2. The roll; 3. The hollow. In the transition from Norman to 

 Early English the roll became more detached, sometimes being 

 pointed. 



The Early English mouldings included the roll, now having the 

 appearance of a rib by having on either side a deep hollow. 



P^illets on the roll, sometimes in the centre, sometimes on one 

 side only, sometimes on both sides, and sometimes on both sides 

 and the centre. 



In Decorated work the fillet became much broader (12). An 

 important form generally considered distinctive of Decorated, but 

 occasionally met with in advanced Early English work, is the scroll 

 moulding (13 and 14). Another moulding of this period is the double 

 ogee (15), the fillets being at right angles to each other with a hollow 

 between them. The hollows in Decorated work generally divide 

 groups of moldings ; in the Early Eiglish individual members. 



In this period the plain chamfer of two orders is frequently used, 

 especially in our small village churches. 



Another moulding of this T^enod'xsihe. 7vave moulding {16), and 

 its repetition with a hollow between is very characteristic of the period. 



Another peculiarity of this period is the sunken chamfer (17). 



In Perpendicular work the tendency is to flatten the work ; for 

 instance, instead of the deep hollow of the Early English and 

 Decorated periods, we have the flattened hollow known as the 

 Cavetio (r8). The bowjtell is reduced in size, forming a slender shaft. 



The double ogee is much more common than in Decorated 

 work. Another feature is the double ogee with small bowtell in the 

 centre (19). 



Of course, the moldings of an earlier period are introduced with 

 modifications at a later period, and although mouldings are a very 

 important element in determining the date of a building or a feature, 

 yet, after all, the general design of the building is a factor not to be 

 disregarded. 



The chief characteristics of Norman work are : 



1. The semicircular arch to both doors and windows. 



2. The introduction in the arches and sometimes down the 

 jambs and elsewhere of the zigzag or chevron, the billet, the nail- 

 head, the beakhead, and other enrichments. 



3. The general massiveness of the work, as for instance the short, 

 thick, circular, sometimes octagonal columns, undivided as in 

 subsequent periods, and frequently enriched with zigzag or other 

 ornament. 



