THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHITECTURE IN ESSEX. 1 77 



diaper pattern worked thereon. The whole arch has a hood mould- 

 ing enriched with the billet ornament, and beyond that a diaper 

 ornament. There is a peculiar feature about the jamb stones where 

 flush with walls, they are all diapered on the flat surface with a four- 

 leaved pattern. On the west side of door is a semicircular arched 

 window, and on the east side there is another ; there was originally 

 a second one more to the east, but this has been removed and a 

 window of Perpendicular date put in its place. On the north side 

 is a door, but quite plain, with one window on the west side of it 

 and two windows on the east side. These windows are very high up 

 and measure externally 3 feet high by 8 in. wide, with merely a 

 slight chamfer round ; internally they are boldly splayed to an 

 opening 5 feet 9 in. high by 3 feet 6 in. wide. The external arch 

 stones of these windows are all enriched with diaper work, similar to 

 that round the south doorway. At the west end is a double window 

 with semicircular heads, but internally they are under one arch, 

 deeply splayed. The work of this window is comparatively modern, 

 and therefore we cannot say positively whether it is a faithful restora- 

 tion. High up in the gable is a single light window similar to 

 those in the side walls. 



The chancel arch was originally semicircular, but this has 

 been removed, and a wide, flat, four-centred arch introduced. 

 Unfortunately the external rubble work has been subject to that 

 vicious treatment known as raised pointing, that is with a wide 

 raised joint round each pebble or flint, so that the character of the 

 work has been utterly destroyed. All the four corners of the nave 

 are formed of squared stones and there is no buttress of any 

 kind. 



No doubt there was a Norman chancel, but this has been 

 replaced by one of later date. At the time of the Survey, Margaret 

 Roding was held by Geoffrey de Mandeville, one of the Conqueror's 

 chief captains, who rewarded him as we are told with 118 lordships, 

 forty of which were in Essex, and of these we find Norman work at 

 Great Waliham, Barnston, Mashbury, Broomfield, Margaret Roding, 

 South Ockendon, Great Leighs, High Easter. 



In Essex we have very few remains of the Monasteries of this 

 period. 



Of Hatfield Peveril Priory, founded by Ingelrica, the wife of 

 Ralph Pevcrill, but a fragment remains at the west end, and the 



