STRAY NOTES, PREHISTORIC, SAXON, AND NORMAN. 243 



enjoy all the privileges to which the possession of such land gave 

 him a title. So a freeman could hire land originally assigned to a 

 serf, but he must descend to the obligation required from a serf in 

 connection with that land. To illustrate my point, let me put it to 

 you in this way. A serf, as a serf, hires the land originally assigned 

 to a freeman, yet he cannot leave the manor without permission of 

 his lord or the payment of havedsot. A freeman, as a freeman, who 

 requires no such leave, yet having the land originally assigned to a 

 serf, requires for that land the same permission as a serf to absent 

 himself. This he would meet by payment of havedsot. 



There is frequent mention of the clergy in connection with 

 Navestock. Next to the two Bishops, Edwin and Aldwin, Walter 

 Niger, Vicar, is the first to be mentioned by name. To him 

 apparently Jordanus succeeded. He is distinctly referred to as the 

 Vikere in 1222. He is reported to have held a small meadow at the 

 rent of two plough shares, a curtilage for id., a half acre of meadow 

 in Brademead, a field the name of which survives in the Broad 

 Mead, opposite Rose Hall, for id., a purpresture in the wood for id., 

 half a virgate for prcedial services as a nativus a principio, or a 

 villein by blood, and the payment in money of havedsot and malt 

 silver, and in kind, of one egg at Easter and Christmas, etc., etc. 

 He also held a second half virgate at a similar rent. Beside Jordan 

 the Vikere, in 1222, there must have been the private chaplain of 

 William de Breante, who was evidently the Richard Clericus of S. 

 P. Domesday. He was nephew of Jordan, the Vikere, and held six 

 acres of old assart'ed land for 3s., and paid havedsot. He also held 

 a virgate for the usual predial services. 



But beyond these the same Survey refers to Gilbert the Presbiter 

 as a late tenant, as also to Ralph the Presbiter, whose wife and 

 daughter are both mentioned. Editha after his death is spoken of 

 as his relict. A\'alter is described both as the son of Henry the 

 Presbiter and Henry the Clerk, and we also see an entry concerning 

 the relict of the Sacerdos. From these entries we gather that other 

 free tenants beside de Breante in all probability employed private 

 chaplains, and that celibacy was not so strictly imposed on the 

 clergy in those days as is generally imagined. 



Thus, within the compass of this Survey of the Manors of St. 

 Paul only, we find reference made to i Bishop with a son, i Sacerdos 

 with 4 sons, i Sacerdos with a relict, 4 Clerks with sons, i Clerk 

 with a relict, i Presbiter with a relict, i Presbiter with a daughter, 



