326 



THE WINGS OF LEPIDOPTERA 



serial vein is fonned consisting of three parts, the basal part of media, what 

 appears to be the posterior arculus, and the longitudinal part of cubitus. 

 The suborder Jugat^e includes only a single family of moths, the 

 Hepialidce. I formerly included the family Micropterygidse in the Jugatas, 

 because I accepted the general belief that they are lepidopterous insects, 

 and because they agree with the Hepialidas in the similarity of the venation 

 of the fore and hind wings, and also because the posterior lobe of the fore 

 wings serv^es as an organ for uniting the fore and hind wings. But a more 



Fig. 334. — Wings of a hepialid, Pieliis labyrinlhecus. 



careful study of this family has convinced me that it belongs to the order 

 Trichoptera ; the reasons for this conclusion are set forth in the preceding 

 chapter. 



Suborder Frenatae. — The suborder FrenatcC includes the descendants of 

 those ancient Lepidoptera in which a frenulum was developed, and in 

 which the venation of the two pairs of wings is different, owing to the 

 reduction of the radius of the hind wings. 



The Frenatffi differ from the Jugatas in the fact that the cubitus and 

 radius of the fore wings do not coalesce at the base and also in the fact that 

 a serial vein M — Cu is not formed. 



