86 THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. [March 



conictil shapes. Flake is a word used to designate any rough 

 chip of flint of undeterminable form, which may have been 

 used for any household purpose from a knife to an awl. The 

 spear and arrow-heads are of all sizes, and sometimes very neatly 

 worked, and finely chipped along the edges, they are of all forms, 

 from long and tapering to very short and blunt. There seem 

 also to have been different modes of fastening them to the haft, as 

 some are equally pointed at both sides, others simply rounded, and 

 others again notched. The scrapers are generally somewhat 

 blunt at the edges,j^more or less pointed behind for fastening into 

 a handle, and often rounded for the hand. They were used 

 mostly for preparing and dressing skins. 



A considerable number of water-rounded, flattish pebbles, 

 bearing a shallow artificial hollow on one side, have been found. 

 These may have been used for preparing paint for personal 

 decoration, or grinding up small quantities of grain ; but some of 

 them seem too small for even such purposes. 



The most curious and interesting implements are those of 

 bone, and reindeer and stag antler. On these great labour 

 seems to have been expended, and some of them are not only neatly 

 finished but highly ornamented, mostly with drawings of animals 

 of the period. These very interesting works of art are sometimes 

 executed with great spirit, and though often much out of propor- 

 tion, are drawn in all essential points with fidelity to nature. 

 The bone and horn implements comprise spear heads, harpoon 

 heads, clubs, and other minor kinds of not very well defined uses. 

 Among these last, is a very curious style of implement, made of 

 deer antler ; flat and thin, and usually pierced with a row of 

 holes, sometimes large enough to admit the finger. They seem 

 too thin and weak to have been used for any kind of work ; and 

 concerning them, a variety of conjectures have been hazarded, 

 among others that they have been used as sceptres or symbols of 

 authority. Their use, however, is still considered undeterminable* 



The bone spear heads are usually very long and pointed, and 

 circular in section. These, however, are rare, in comparison with 

 the harpoon points, which have been found in great number. 

 They are long and narrow, with a succession of barbs extending 

 gometitnes almost from end to end. They are generally some- 

 what blunt at the point, which seems to indicate that they were 

 used for h irpooning fish ; some of the smaller ones may, however, 

 have been arrow heads. The barbs differ much in size, shape 



