230 THE CANDIAN NATURALIST. [JuilG 



corduroy road. The best known samples of this is at Wavcrley, 

 but it is also seen at Montague, Oldham, and at Upper Stewiackc' 

 " A few yards west of the West main dislocation at Waverley a 

 fine illustration of these corrugations is visible in the slates. The 

 resemblance to ripple marks at the first glance is very striking, 

 but a closer examination shows that the corrugation is not on the 

 same plane as the bedding, and consequently the force which 

 produced it must have been other than water. 



" The direction of the axis of the small undulations is such 

 that they might well have been produced during the folding of 

 the greater or east and west anticlinal, but the occurrence of 

 similar corrugations in othei- districts, at angles nearly approach- 

 ing forty-five degrees, where there is no evidence of a cross 

 anticlinal of such magnitude, gives color to the supposition that 

 these markings were not necessarily associated with the first 

 folding, and that they are untrustworthy guides in relation to 

 that movement. 



" At Montague, and at Mount Uniacke, there are small and 

 large undulations and markings, which do not appear to have had 

 any connection with the east and west folding, but it is very 

 probable that they were connected with local disturbances in those 

 • districts, and may form valuable assistants in discovering the 

 displacements. Under all circumstances they are well worthy of 

 study, and such distinguishing characteristics may eventually be 

 found as will enable them to be separated, and referred to the 

 force which produced them, whether occasioning a fold or a 

 dislocation. 



" They have, however, an especial bearing on the structure of 

 numerous leads, which give indisputable evidence of motion, 

 either in their body or at one wall. The coincidence between the 

 direction of the ripples on the slates at Waverley and the dip of 

 the rocks resulting from the cross anticlinal, is so marked that in 

 this instance they may with propriety be referred to the first 

 folding ; and the force which occasioned the ripples caused also a 

 bodily sliding to a small extent of one bed of strata over another, 

 and the production of a fissure which was subsequently filled with 

 quartz and carbonate of lime constituting a segregated vein. 

 Sometimes the fracture took place in or near the middle of a bed 

 of quartz. At Mount Uniacke, for instance, there is a four-foot 

 lead, which has a fracture near the centre, partially filled 



