1869.] GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY. 355 



'' Of the various fossil teeth of Eqnidm with which those from 

 Bruniquel have been compared, the author finds the closest re- 

 semblance, approaching to identity, in certain fossils from fresh- 

 water sedimentary deposits of Postpliocene or " Quaternary " 

 age in the Department of the Puy-de-D6me, France, Of these, 

 descriptions are given of the teeth of the upper and lower jaws 

 from such deposits at a locality traversed by the river Allier 

 near the " Tour de Juvillac." A figure of the working-surface 

 of the teeth of the lower jaw from this locality is given (of the 

 natural size), showing the characters of the canine and propor- 

 tions of the diastema. The close conformity in the characters 

 of the upper grinders of the Puy-de-D6me fossils of deposit with 

 those of the Bruniquel cavern enables the author to dispense with 

 figures of them. 



" The sum of the several comparisons is to refer the above 

 Equine fossils from sedimentary deposits and both varieties from 

 the Bruniquel cave to one and the same species or well-marked 

 race belonging to the true Horses, or restricted genus Equus of 

 modern mammalogists ; the individuals of which race, with a 

 small range of size, probably due to sex, were less than the 

 average-sized horse of the present period, but larger than known 

 existing striped or unstriped species of Asinus, Gray. 



''Interesting testimony, confirmatory of the conclusion from 

 the palaeontological comparisons, is adduced from outlines of the 

 heads of difi"ereDt individuals of the Cape Equine when alive, 

 neatly cut on the smooth surface of a rib of the same species, 

 discovered by the Vicomte de Lastic St. Jal in 1863, in his 

 cavern at Bruniquel, under circumstances which indisputably 

 showed the work to have been done by one of the tribe of men 

 inhabiting the cavern and slaying the wild horses of that locality 

 and period for food. 



" The author remarks that every bone of the Horse's skeleton 

 (and such evidence had been obtained from about a hundred 

 individuals that had been exhumed at the period of his second 

 visit to Bruniquel, in February, 1864) had been split or fractured 

 to gain access to the marrow. The dental canal and roots of 

 the teeth had been similarly exposed in every specimen of 

 the jaw. 



" Then, referring to his previous paper on the Equine fossil 

 remains from the cavern of Bruniquel, he finds, in the prelimi- 

 nary illustrations of the dental characters of existing species of 



