86 JOHN B. SMITH. 



chitinous loop supports and strengthens the organ. It is still further 

 supported by a chitinous band or arch over the top, well shown at 

 fig. 2, PI. II. 



In this species the organ is completely united into a single struc- 

 ture. In Cetonia and allies, its paired nature is distinctly evident, 

 and instead of a shield-shaped organ we have two lobes, united at 

 or near base. The function of the hypopharynx is said to be gusta- 

 tory, and these moveable spines should, therefore, be tactile in char- 

 acter, and also glandular. Of the latter I find no evidence, but my 

 specimens were submitted to a macerating process calculated to de- 

 stroy all save the chitinized structures, and therefore their absence 

 proves nothing. I have no doubt that further study of this most 

 interesting organ will discover species in which it is completely di- 

 vided, and in which the sclerites composing it are better marked 

 than in any I have studied. 



Placing a prei)ared head, undei'side up, before us, we have the 

 appearance shown at fig. 1, PI. III. The genve or cheeks, form the 

 extreme lateral margin to the eyes, the gula is central, and above 

 it come in order the submentum, the mentum, all united on the me- 

 dian line, and the broad labial palpi ; the latter obscuring all the 

 other labial structures. Cutting through the sutures on either side 

 of the gula so as to release all the parts properly belonging to the 

 labial structures, we have also all that pertains to the gullet, pharynx, 

 or anterior portion of the digestive tract immediately behind the 

 mouth opening. Viewed from the side as shown at fig. 8, PI. Ill, 

 we get an excellent idea of what is really the swallowing apparatus 

 of the insect, the parts behind the mentum and submentum corre- 

 sponding to the fulcrum or sucking stomach of the Diptera. The 

 structure is in large part membraneous, but supported by chitinous 

 rods and bands in such a way as to gain in strength without losing 

 necessary mobility. The ligular structures are seen a little interior 

 and behind the palpi. Turning this structure so as to view it from 

 the innerside, the appearance shown at fig. 2. PI. Ill, is presented. 

 The paraglossse are the most prominent, corneous and concave inte- 

 riorly, the ligular parts soft, s[)ongy, set densely with fine hair, and 

 united at one margin with the paraglossre. Whether any jjortion of 

 this structure should be called hypopharynx I cannot decide, but 

 should think not, unless it be that ligula and paraglossse are closely 

 welded together, and that what I call ligula, is really hypopharynx. 

 At the base of the ligular structure and interior, is the opening to 



