THE SHORE FISHES OF PERU 19 



caninelike; teeth 



usually present on 



vomer and palatines. 



Lutianidae (p. 229) 



vv'. Teeth in jaws rather 



uniform in size; no 



canines; no teeth on 



vomer and palatines. 



Pomadasidae (p. 242) 



zz. Ventral fin not definitely with 1 spine and 5 soft rays, 



having either a reduced or an increased number of rays. 



w'. Ventral fin reduced; dorsal and anal each followed by 



several finlets Qempylidae (p. 359) 



ww'. Ventral fin with 7 rays; dorsal fins 2; anal single; 



no finlets Merlucciidae (p. 157) 



yy. Gill arches 3 or Z%, slit behind last one small or obsolete. 



x'. Lateral line ending under soft part of dorsal; nostrils 



with a single opening on each side; scales firm, 



ctenoid Pomacentridae (p. 331) 



xx'. Lateral line complete though sometimes interrupted; 



nostrils with 2 openings on each side; scales rather 



thin, not ctenoid. 



y'. Teeth mostly separate and distinct, some of anterior 



ones enlarged, forming canines. .Labridae (p. 342) 



yy'. Teeth coalesced at least at base, forming a more or 



less continuous plate Scaridae (p. 350) 



ss. Ventral fins forming a sucking disk or at least a part of it. 



z'. Dorsal fin single, consisting of soft rays only; ventral fins form- 

 ing sides of a large sucking disk situated between them. 



Gobiesocidae (p. 489) 

 zz'. Dorsal fin continuous or in 2 parts, anteriorly with spines; ven- 

 tral fins united, forming a sucking disk. 

 a". Dorsal fin single, continuous; caudal connected with dorsal 



and anal Qobioididae (p. 381) 



aa". Dorsal fin in 2 parts, or at least deeply notched; caudal 



separate from dorsal and anal Qobiidae (p. 380) 



. Ventral fins jugular, being attached under head, or at least well in 

 advance of pectorals, usually close together. 

 h". Carpal bones elongate, forming an arm or wrist for the support of 

 pectoral fin; first dorsal with 1 to 4 separate spines, first bristle- 

 like, with a membranous bulb or "bait" at tip. 

 c". Head very broad, depressed; mouth excessively large; gill 

 opening large, behind wrist of pectoral. .Lophiidae (p. 499) 

 cc". Head compressed; mouth only moderately large; gill opening 

 very small, at or below wrist of pectoral. 



Antetinariidae (p. 501) 

 bb". Carpal bones not elongate, not forming a wrist for support of 

 pectoral fin. 

 d". Dorsal and anal fins very long, without definite spines, con- 

 tinuous with the caudal fin; ventral fin reduced to 1 or 2 rays. 

 e". Body somewhat eel-shaped, ventral fins inserted at chin. 



Ophidiidae (p. 412) 

 ee". Body elongate, not eel-shaped, compressed; ventral fins in- 

 serted on isthmus Brotulidae (p. 410) 



