88 BULLETIN 189, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



rays exists it apparently is only an average one, as 3 specimens from 

 California in which the rays were enumerated are all within the 

 range of S. sagax, the dorsal having 18, 18, and 19 rays, the anal 17, 

 18, and 19, and the pectoral 18, 18, and 18. The numbers of scales, 

 ventral scutes, and gill rakers, too, are within the range of the Peru- 

 vian specimens. The proportions derived from measurements also 

 fall within the range of *S'. sagax. However, the pectoral fin does 

 seem to be inserted rather more anteriorly in caeruleus than in sagax, 

 as it is nearer the tip of lower jaw (sometimes by a distance as great 

 as the diameter of the eye) than base of ventral in the former, whereas 

 it is inserted nearer base of ventral (sometimes by a distance equal 

 to half diameter of eye) than tip of lower jaw in the latter. This 

 difference in the position of the pectoral is evident also from the greater 

 distance between the tip of the pectoral and the base of the ventral in 

 caeruleus, which generally is equal to the snout and half the eye, and 

 only about equal to the snout in sagax. Fiu-thermore, the ventral 

 generally is inserted slightly behind middle of base of dorsal in caeru- 

 leus, instead of directly under the middle as in sagax. The positions 

 of the fins, however, vary among specimens, and in large series some 

 examples probably would not be identifiable by the apparent differ- 

 ences mentioned. 



Range. — Coasts of Peru and Chile, and the Galdpagos Islands. 

 According to Fowler (1941b, p. 623), "Natal, Cape of Good Hope, 

 China, Formosa, Japan, Korea. Also the eastern Pacific shores of 

 America." 



Genus HARENGULA Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847 



Body moderately compressed; ventral outline more strongly con- 

 vex than the dorsal, with about 26 to 32 scutes; upper jaw slightly 

 notched; lower jaw projecting; margin of opercle concave over a 

 fleshy lobe on shoulder girdle in front of pectoral; shoulder girdle 

 with 2 small fleshy lobes on its vertical margin; upper limbs of first 

 pair of gill arches with a median forward projection between them, 

 generally bearing one to several short rakers; gill rakers not especially 

 numerous, about 30 on lower limb of first arch, those of upper limb 

 not overlapping the ones on the lower limb; scales firm, adherent; 

 vertebrae about 40 to 42; ventrals each with 8 rays, inserted some- 

 what behind origin of dorsal. 



A single species somewhat doubtfully comes within the scope of the 

 present work. 



HARENGULA THRISSINA (Jordan and Gilbert) 



Clupea thrissina Jordan and Gilbert, 1882e, p. 353, Cape San Lucas, Mexico 

 (original description). 



Sardinella thrissina Meek and Hildebrand, 1923, p. 185, pi. 9, fig. b, Taboga 

 Island, Panama (synonymy; description; range). 



fiarengula peruana Fowler and Bean, 1923, p. 2, Callao, Peru (original descrip- 

 tion). — Fowler, 1940b, p. 746, fig. 6 (reference); 1941a, p. 233 (references). 



