THE SHORE FISHES OF PERU 



97 



Genus ENGRAULIS Cuvier, 1817 



Body comparatively thick, subcylindrical ; maxillary sometimes 

 failing to reach joint of mandible, never to gill opening; jaws with 

 small teeth of about even size; gill rakers numerous, 26 or more on 

 lower limb of first arch, apparently not increasing in number with 

 age; vertebrae numerous, 46 to 49; the bones generally feeble; the 

 flesh dark and oily; anal fin short in American species, with 20 to 24 

 rays, its origin under or behind base of dorsal; ventrals inserted under 

 or a little in advance of origin of dorsal. 



A single species comes within the scope of the present work, 



ENGRAUUS BINGENS Jenyns 



Anchoveta 

 Figure 20 



Engraulis ringens Jenyns, 1842, p. 136, "Iquique, Peru" (original description). — 

 Abbott, 1899, p. 336 (a single specimen reported, without locality, compared 

 with E. mordax). — Evermann and Radcliffe, 1917, p. 23, pi. 3, fig. 1, 

 Chimbote, Lobos de Tierra, and Eten, Peru (note on abundance; descrip- 

 tion). — Nichols and Murphy, 1922, p. 505, Pescadores Island, Peru (notes 

 on abundance; schools described; preyed upon by bonitos and lobos (sea- 

 lions)). — Jordan and Seale, 1926, p. 390, Callao, Peru, and Panama Bay, 

 the latter not this species but Anchoa arenicola (description; compared with 

 E. mordax).- — Fowler, 1941a, p. 235 (references).- — Hildebrand, 1943a, 

 p. 16, fig. 3 (synonymy; description; compared with E. mordax mordax; range). 



Figure 20. — Engraulis ringens Jenyns. From a specimen 115 mm. long, Lobos de Tierra 

 Island, Peru (U.S.N.M. No. 77522). (After Hildebrand, 1943.) 



Head 3.0 to 3.7; depth 4.4 to 5.3 in large specimens, about 5.5 to 

 6.5 in young under 90 mm. long; D. 15 to 18; A. 19 to 24; P. 15 to 18, 

 usually 16 or 17; scales about 43 to 47; vertebrae 46 to 49 (seven 

 specimens dissected). 



Body elongate, not strongly compressed, chest and abdomen moder- 

 ately compressed, with a blunt edge; head rather long and low, its 

 depth at joint of mandible a little less than its postorbital length; 

 snout projecting about half its length beyond tip of mandible, 6.7 to 

 8.0 in head; eye 4.3 to 4.8; postorbital part of head 5.0 to 6.0 in length; 

 maxillary distally rather bluntly rounded, generally failing to reach 

 joint of mandible, 1.45 to 1.6 in head; mandible 1.45 to 1.55; cheek 



