THE SHORE FISHES OF PERU 177 



KEY TO THE SPECIES 



a. About 80 to 88 oblique series of scales above lateral line and 9 to 12 in a single 

 oblique series between lateral line and base of spinous dorsal; no ctenoid 

 scales between eyes, the interorbital being smooth to the touch; interorbital 

 broad, 4.8 to 5.4 in head in specimens 200 mm. and upward in length; distal 

 margin of pectoral straight to slightly concave, and strongly oblique in 



large specimens humeralis (p. 177) 



aa. About 92 to 104 oblique series of scales above lateral line and 13 to 15 in a 

 single oblique series between lateral line and spinous dorsal; ctenoid scales 

 between eyes, making the interorbital rough to the touch; interorbital 

 narrower, 5.6 to 7.G in head in specimens 200 mm. and upward in length; 

 distal margin of pectoral always round callaensis (p. 179) 



PARALABRAX HUMERALIS (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 



Cabrilla; Trambollo 



Serranus humeralis Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828, p. 246, "Chili" (original 

 description). 



Paralabrax humeralis Abbott, 1899, p. 348, Callao (synonymy; compared with P. 

 alhomaculatus; diagnosis). — Starks, 1906, p. 787, Callao, Peru (variation in 

 color described). — Evermann and Radcliffe, 1917, p. 73, Callao, Guanape 

 North Island, Chincha Island, Independencia Bay, Santa Rosa Island, Lobos 

 de Tierra, and MoUendo, Peru (s.ynonymy; description). — Nichols and 

 Murphy, 1922, p. 508, Lobos de Tierra Island, South Guanape Island, 

 Isla Blanca Bay, Pescadores Islands off Ancon; and North Chincha Island, 

 Peru.— Fowler, 1940b, p. 770, Callao, Peru.— Walford, 1937, p. 114 

 (description of color based on preserved material) . 



Head 2.5 to 2.8; depth 3.0 to 3.7; D. X, 12 to 15, usually 13 or 14; 

 A. Ill, 7; P. 17 to 19, usually 18; scales 9 to 12-80 to 88. 



Body moderately elongate, compressed, its greatest tliicloiess greatly 

 exceeding half the depth; back not strongly elevated; dorsal profile 

 anteriorly gently convex; caudal peduncle compressed, its depth 3.3 to 

 4.0 in head; snout pointed, 3.2 to 4.4; eye 4.5 to 6.7; interorbital 4.2 to 

 6.6; mouth large, obUque; lower jaw projecting, entering dorsal out- 

 line; maxillary not quite reacliing below posterior margin of eye, 

 2.2 to 2.7 in head; teeth in jaws in bands, the outer ones in each jaw 

 somewhat enlarged, the rest minute, similar small teeth on vomer and 

 palatines; vertical margin of preopercle fine but strongly serrate, the 

 serrae slightly enlarged at angle; those of lower limb small and widely 

 spaced; gill rakers at angle about half to three-fourths length of eye, 

 decreasing to rudiments anteriorly on each limb, 16 to 22 (usually 18 to 

 20) on lower, and 9 to 12 on upper limb of first arch; lateral line com- 

 plete, following the curve of the back; scales only moderately small, 

 rather strongly ctenoid, usually missing on interorbital and suborbital, 

 not ctenoid, but more or less embedded there if present, extending 

 somewhat on bases of fins; dorsal somewhat notched, third spine 

 generally longest, rather variable in length, not produced in large 

 specimens, generally about twice as long as the ninth, 2.1 to 3.2 



