THE SHORE FISHES OF PERU 273 



Genus CYNOSCION Gill, 1861 



Body rather elongate, somewhat compressed; back httle elevated; 

 head rather low, more or less pointed; mouth large, oblique; lower 

 jaw protruding; teeth pointed, in a narrow band or in more or less 

 definite rows, upper jaw anteriorly with a pair of large recurved 

 canines; preopercle serrate in young, and with spines on its anterior 

 ridge, becoming obsolete or covered with skin in large examples; 

 dorsal with about 7 to 11 slender spines; second dorsal long and low, 

 with about 20 to 30 rays; anal small, its base generally less than 

 half the length of that of second dorsal, with 2 weak spines, often more 

 or less hidden in the skin, and about 8 to 20 soft rays. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES 



a. Anal fin long, with 15 to 19 soft rays. 



b. Anal with 15 soft rays, its base 2.0 to 2.4 in head; caudal fin nearly straight 



(in young) to concave (in adult) analis (p. 273) 



bb. Anal with 17 to 19 soft rays, its base 1.3 to 1.5 in head; caudal fin rounded 

 (in young) to double concave (in adult), the middle rays always longest. 



altipinnis (p. 275) 

 aa. Anal fin short, with fewer than 12 rays. 



c. Second dorsal and anal densely covered with small scales, the fins more or 

 less thickened by them; lateral line broadly arched anteriorly; pectoral 

 moderately long, reaching about to tip of ventral, 1.5 in head; scales 

 rather large, strongly ctenoid, about 87 in a lateral series above lateral 



line squamipinnis (p. 277) 



cc. Second dorsal and anal not densely covered with scales, few if any present; 

 lateral line not arched; pectoral short, not nearly reaching tip of ventral, 

 about 1.8 to 2.1 in head. 

 d. Scales moderately large, ctenoid, about 72 to 86 in a lateral series above 

 lateral line, and 8 scales between lateral line and middle of second 

 dorsal; lateral line decurved, reaching middle of side under origin of 

 second dorsal; dorsal spines short, the longest one scarcely longer 

 than the longest soft rays of second dorsal, and failing to reach tips 



of succeeding spines, if deflexed stolzmaimi (p. 278) 



dd. Scales quite small, cycloid, about 105 in a lateral series above lateral 

 line, about 12 or 13 between lateral line and middle of second dorsal; 

 lateral line nearly straight anteriorly, descending to middle of side 

 under anterior half of second dorsal; dorsal spines rather long, the 

 longest one notably longer than the longest soft rays of second dorsal 

 and reaching beyond tips of succeeding spines if deflexed. 



phoxocephalus (p. 279) 



CYNOSCION ANALIS (Jenyns) 



RoBALiTo; Allanque; Ayanque 



Otolithus analis Jenyns, 1842, p. 164, Callao, Peru (original description). 

 Otolithus peruanus Tschtjdi, 1845, p. 10, coast of Peru (original description). 

 Archoscion analis Abbott, 1899, p. 352, Callao, Peru (description, based on 3 



large specimens). — Starks, 1906, p. 793, Callao, Peru. 

 Cynoscion analis Nichols and Murphy, 1922, p. 509. Callao market, Peru 



