THE SHORE FISHES OF PERU 283 



number of scales may be used in separating groups, if the enumerations 

 are made uniformly, but a difference of only a few scales may not be 

 significant, as already stated. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES 



a. Body short; back high; depth about 2.5 in length; opercle with a large, dark, 



membranous flap fasciata (p. 283) 



aa. Body much more elongate; back lower; depth 3.0 or more times in length; 

 opercle without a broad, membranous flap. 

 b. Snout projecting well beyond premaxillaries; mouth inferior; scales rather 

 large, about 56 to 62 in a lateral series, and about 5 or 6 rows between 

 lateral line and first dorsal spine. 



c. Teeth in both jaws in rather broad bands, outer teeth in upper jaw some- 



what enlarged and widely spaced; slightly enlarged teeth intermixed 



with the small ones in lower jaw deliciosa (p. 285) 



cc. Teeth in upper jaw in a narrow band, with an outer close-set, notably 

 enlarged series; teeth in lower jaw in 2 principal series, those of inner 



series enlarged callaensis, new species (p. 287) 



bb. Snout not projecting beyond premaxillaries; mouth terminal; scales smaller, 

 about 70 to 80 in a lateral series, and 7 to 10 rows between lateral line and 

 first dorsal spine. 



d. Pectoral fin long, reaching about to tip of ventral, 4.8 to 5.2 in length; 



teeth in each jaw in 2 or 3 irregular series, the outer ones in each jaw 

 somewhat enlarged; 13 to 15 gill rakers on lower limb of first arch; eye 



moderately large, 5.6 to 6.2 in head gilberti (p. 288) 



dd. Pectoral fin short, not nearly reaching tip of ventral, 6.7 to 7.1 in length; 

 teeth in upper jaw in a narrow band, the outer ones considerably en- 

 larged, those of lower jaw in 2 irregular series, the inner series enlarged; 

 8 to 10 gill rakers more or less developed on lower limb of first arch; eye 

 very small, contained 9 or more times in head. 

 e. Ten gill rakers on lower and 3 or 4 on upper limb of first arch; 9 or 10 

 rows of scales between lateral line and first dorsal spine; dorsal spines 

 slender, fully as long as longest soft ray, 2.5 to 2.9 in head; ventral fin 



inserted close behind base of ventral starksi (p. 290) 



ee. Eight gill rakers on lower limb, and none developed on upper limb of 

 first arch; 7 rows of scales between lateral Une and first dorsal spine; 

 dorsal spines rather strong, much shorter than longest soft ray, 4.1 

 in head; ventral inserted fully an eye's diameter behind base of 

 pectoral wieneri (p. 292) 



SCIAENA FASCIATA (Tschudi) 



BuERiTo; Caracha; Pintadilla; Gallinazo 



Cheilotrema fasciatum Tschudi, 1845, p. 13, pi. 1, Caleta of Chancay (between 

 Callao and Huacho), Peru (original description). 



Sciaena fasciata Jordan and Eigenmann, 1889, pp. 403, 407, Paita, Peru (diagno- 

 sis; synonymy; notes). — Starks, 1906, p. 793, Callao, Peru (description). — 

 EvERMANN and Radcliffe, 1917, p. 101, Chimbote, Peru (synonymy; de- 

 scription). — Nichols and Murphy, 1922, p. 510, Chincha Islands, Paracas 

 Bay, and Pacasmayo, Peru. 



Johnius fasciatus Fowler, 1940b, p. 777, "Peru". 



Head|3.1 to 3.3; depth 2.5 to 2.75; D. X-I, 24 to 26; A. II, 8 or 9; 



P.;18;^'scales 63 to 70. 



