THE SHORE FISHES OF PERU 311 



Family MULLIDAE: Goatfishes 



Body elongate, compressed; head deep, its upper profile strongly 

 convex; eye placed high; mouth low, more or less terminal; premaxil- 

 laries protractile; maxillary thin, very broad; branchiostegals 4; 

 pseudobranchiae present; gills 4; two long, un branched barbels 

 attached just behind anterior rim of lower jaw; teeth mostly small, 

 variously placed; lateral line complete, the pores branched; scales 

 large, usually ctenoid, extending forward on head; dorsal fins 2, far 

 apart, the first with sLx to eight spines; anal short, similar to second 

 dorsal, with one or two spines; ventrals thoracic, with I, 5 rays. 



A single genus comes within the scope of the present work. 



Genus PSEUDUPENEUS Bleeker, 1862 



Teeth in the upper jaw uniserial, except in large specimens which 

 have an extra row on the outside of the main series anteriorly. Lower 

 jaw with one or two series of teeth anteriorly and a smgle series 

 laterally. ^^ Vomerine and palatine teeth wanting. Other characters 

 of the genus are sufficiently shown in the family description. 



A single species is included in the collections from Peru. 



PSEUDUPENEUS GRANDISQUAMIS (Gill) 



Upenevs grandisquamis Gill, 1863c, p. 168, west coast of Central America (orig- 

 inal description). — Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 860 (description; range; 

 synonj'my). — Meek and Hildebkand, 1923, p. 305, Panama Bay (sj'non3'my; 

 description; range). 



Head 3.3, 3.45; depth 3.4, 3.65; D. VIII-I, 8; A. II, 6; P. 16; scales 

 2-18, 2-27. 



Body rather strongly compressed, its greatest thickness about half 

 its depth; dorsal profile anteriorly strongly convex; ventral profile 

 nearly straight; caudal peduncle rather deep, compressed, its depth 

 2.6, 2.7 in head; head rather short, deep; snout rather blunt, 2.5, 2.6 

 in head; eye placed very high, 3.9, 4.15; interorbital slightly convex, 

 4.1, 4.3; mouth rather small, nearly horizontal; maxillary expanded, 

 thin, membranous posteriorly, 3.0, 3.1, in head; teeth in upper jaw 

 in a single series (in 2 series in large specimens), pointed, in 2 irregular 

 series anteriorly in lower jaw, in a single series laterally, none on vomer 

 or palatines ; upper limb of opercle with one rather strong spine and a 

 weak point above it; preopercular margin smooth; gill membranes 

 somewhat connected across isthmus; gill rakers slender, 5, 6 on upper 

 and 18, 20 on lower limb, including rudiments; lateral line complete, 

 following curvatm-e of the back, the pores branched; scales large, 

 finely ctenoid, extending forward on head, cheeks, and opercles; first 



"Some modification of the description of the teeth as given by Longley(m Longleyand Hildebrand, 1941, 

 p. 141) was made so that the genus Pseudupeneus might include the species herein described, which hereto- 

 fore has rested in the genus Upeneus. Dr. Longley found that only those species having vomerine and 

 palatine teeth could properly be assigned to Upeneus. 



