THE SHORE FISHES OF PERU 313 



Genus CALAMUS Swainson, 1839 



Body rather deep, compressed; back elevated; head compressed; 

 preorbital broad; mouth small to moderate, more or less horizontal; 

 outer teeth in anterior part of jaws more or less enlarged, conical or 

 pointed, those at side and behind consisting of low broad molars; 

 preopercle entire; gill rakers few, very short and broad; posterior 

 nostril an elongate slit; dorsal fin continuous, little indented; caudal 

 forked; anal with three rather short spines, the second not especially 

 enlarged; pectoral long. 



Two species seem to belong to the Peruvian fauna. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES 



a. Anal with about 10 soft rays; 6 complete rows of scales between the lateral 

 line and first dorsal spine; mouth moderately small, the maxillary 2.9 in 

 head in adults; outer teeth in anterior part of jaws not very large, posterior 

 molarial teeth in 3 rows in upi^er jaw and 2 in lower jaw. 



brachysomus (p. 313) 



aa. Anal with about 9 soft rays; 5 complete rows of scales between lateral hne 



and first dorsal spine; mouth rather large, the maxillary 2.1 to 2.25 in 



head; outer teeth in anterior part of jaws quite long, slender, posterior 



molarial teeth in 2 rows in each jaw taurinus (p. 314) 



CALAMUS BRACHYSOMUS (Lockington) 



Marotilla 



Sparus brachysomus Lockington, 1880, p. 284, Magdalena Bay, Baja California 

 (original description) . 



Calamus brachysomus Meek and Hildebrand, 1925, p. 574, Panama Bay (synon- 

 ymy; description; range). 



Head 2.9, 3.15, 3.1; depth 2.25, 2.2, 2.1; D. XII, 11, XII, 12, XII, 

 12; A. Ill, 10, III, 10, III, 10; P. 15, 15, 15; scales 46, 48, 48. 



Body deep, rather strongly compressed, its greatest thiclaiess only 

 about a third of its depth; back high; dorsal profile strongly convex 

 in front of dorsal; caudal peduncle slender, 3.2, 2.9, 3.4 in head; snout 

 increasing in length with age, 3.2, 3.3, 2.0; eye 2.4, 2.8, 3.7; inter- 

 orbital somewhat expanded, 4.5, 4.9, 4.0; preorbital increasing greatly 

 in width with age, about half diameter of eye in a specimen 45 mm. 

 long, exceeding diameter of eye in oec 180 mm. long; mouth rather 

 small; lower jaw included; maxillary slipping partly under preorbital, 

 3.6, 2.8, 2.9 in head; teeth in anterior part of each jaw pointed, in a 

 band, the outer ones considerably enlarged, becoming very broad and 

 blunt, molarial laterally, upper jaw with three rows posteriorly, 

 lower jaw with two, the teeth of inner row in each jaw largest; gill 

 rakers short, 5, 5, 6 on lower and 3, 3, 3 on the upper limb of first 

 arch; lateral line not fully concurrent with outline of back; scales 

 finely ctenoid, extending forward on head to interorbital, forming a 



