334 BULLETIN 189, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 

 CHROMIS CRUSMA (Cuvierand Valenciennes) 



Chavelita; Juniche; Conguyo; Conguito; CAsxAfJEXA; CAsxASftiELA; 



BuKRiTo; Coco 



Heliases crusma Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833, p. 510, Valparaiso and Juan 

 Ferndndez Island, Chile (original description; specimen from Juan Ferndndez 

 Island probably not this species, but C. intercrusma) . 



Chromis crusma Abbott, 1899, p. 358, Callao, Peru. — Starks, 1906, p. 798, Callao, 

 Peru. — EvERMANN and Radcliffe, 1917, p. 118, Mollendo, Callao, and Santa 

 Rosa Island, Peru (synonymj^; description; note on common names). — 

 Nichols and Murphy, 1922, p. 511, North Chincha Island, Peru. — Fowler, 

 1940b, p. 784, fig. 62, Peru. 



Head 2.75 to 3.2; depth 1.8 to 2.2; D. XIII (rarely XIV), 12 (occa- 

 sionally 11 or 13); A. II, 12 (rarely 11 or 13); P. 20 or 21 (rarely 19); 

 scales 26 to 28 vertical series along middle of side; vertebrae 26 (one 

 specimen dissected). 



Body rather deep, strongly compressed, its greatest thickness about 

 2.5 in its depth; back strongly elevated; outline anterior to dorsal 

 quite convex; caudal peduncle moderately long, strongly compressed, 

 2.0 to 2.4 in head; snout short, blunt, 3.8 to 4.5; eye 3.2 to 3.8; inter- 

 orbital 3.0 to 4.0; mouth small, oblique, terminal or slightly superior; 

 maxillary generally extending to vertical from anterior margin of eye, 

 2.9 to 3.3 in head; each jaw with an outer series of somewhat enlarged 

 conical teeth, followed anteriorly by smaller conical teeth in a narrow 

 band or sometimes in about 3 irregular rows; gill membranes slightly 

 connected, free from the isthmus; gill rakers slender, about half 

 length of eye, 21 to 24 on lower and 7 to 9 on upper limb of jQrst arch; 

 margin of preopercle entire; suborbital adnate to cheek; lateral line 

 ending under posterior rays of dorsal; scales strongly ctenoid, absent 

 only on a narrow area about the mouth, 2 or 3 main rows on preorbital, 

 and 2 or 3 main rows on opercle, forming a rather indefinite sheath 

 along base of dorsal and anal, and extending on bases of all the fins 

 exclusive of ventrals (covering nearly entire caudal in adults), 3 

 complete rows between lateral line and first dorsal spine; dorsal fin 

 continuous, the posterior spines considerably shorter than the third 

 to about the eighth, the longest 1.75 to 2.3 in head; soft part of dorsal 

 high, formxing a moderately acute lobe, the longest rays 1.4 to 1.7 in 

 head; caudal fairly deeply forked, especially in adults, upper lobe 

 the longer, equal to or a little longer than head; anal with a broadly 

 rounded margin, the longest rays a little lower than those of dorsal, 

 second spine rather long and strong, 1.75 to 2.3 in head; ventral 

 inserted immediately behind base of pectoral, with a large axillary 

 scale, 1.2 to 1.4 (without filament) in head; pectoral rather long, 

 reaching somewhat beyond tip of ventral and generally well beyond 

 origin of anal, usually a little longer than head, 2.7 to 3.3 in length. 



Color dark brown above; pale brown, with silvery reflections in 

 some specimens, on lower part of side and underneath. Some speci- 



