THE SHORE FISHES OF PERU 363 



sharp teeth in a single row; teeth also present on vomer and palatines; 

 gni rakers long slender; scales very small, slightly, if at all, enlarged 

 in region of pectoral fin; interval between dorsal fins exceeding length 

 of snout and eye; first dorsal with 8 to 10 weak spines; second dorsal 

 and anal each generally followed by 5 finlets; pectoral inserted near 

 level of eye; air bladder present. 



A single species comes within the scope of the present work. 



PNEUMATOPHORUS PERUANUS Jordan and Hnbbs 



Caballa 

 Figure 73 



Scomber colias Abbott (not of Gmelin), 1899, p. 344, Callao, Peru. — Steindachner, 

 (not of Gmelin), 1902, p. 125, Callao, Peru. 



Scomber japonicus Starks (not of Houttuyn), 1906, p. 783, Callao, Peru. — Ever- 

 MANN and Radcliffb (not of Houttuyn), 1917, p. 54, pi. 5, fig. 1, Chimbote 

 and Lobos de Tierra, Peru (synonymy; description). — Nichols and Murphy 

 (not of Houttuyn), 1922, p. 506, Chincha Islands and Pescadores Islands off 

 Ancon, Peru. — Tortonese (not of Houttuyn), 1939a, p. 55, Santa Elena Bay, 

 Ecuador. 



Pneumaiophorus peruanus Jordan and Hubbs, 1925, p. 211, Callao, Peru; Gala- 

 pagos Islands (diagnosis, in key). 



Scomber peruanus Fowler, 1940b, p. 764, fig. 42, Peru. 



Head 3.2 to 3.5; depth 4.0 to 5.4; D. VIII to X-I, 10 or 11-V; A. 

 I-I, 10 or 11-V; P. 20 or 21; scales about 225; vertebrae 31 (two speci- 

 mens dissected). 



Figure 73. — Pneumatophorus peruanus Jordan and Hubbs. From a specimen 250 mm. 

 long, Lobos de Tierra Island, Peru. (After Evermann and Radcliffe, 1917.) 



Body quite robust, its greatest thickness among large specimens 

 about three-fourths the depth, young more compressed; caudal 

 peduncle very slender, 9.2 to 10.4 in head; head moderately compressed, 

 somewhat flattened above; snout quite pointed, 3.4 to 3.7 in head; 

 eye with much adipose tissue in large examples, 4.1 to 4.8 in head; 

 mouth large, obhque; maxiUary slipping entirely under preorbital, 

 extending somewhat beyond anterior margin of eye, 2.5 to 2.65 in 

 head; teeth pointed, in a single close-set series in each jaw, a single 

 series of small teeth at each side on vomer, and 2 series of similar 



