424 BULLETIN 189, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



The following proportions and enumerations are based on 11 speci- 

 mens (unless otherwise stated), ranging from 70 to 150 mm. (54 to 

 119 mm. to base of caudal) in length, which according to the dentition 

 clearly agree with the large specimens described: Head in length 3.2 

 to 3.6; depth 3.5 to 4.0; base of anal 7.3 to 8.3; pectoral 5.3 to 6.0. 

 Eye in head 4.0 to 5.0; snout 4.25 to 5.0; maxillary 4.0 to 4.4; inter- 

 orbital 3.0 to 3.4; caudal peduncle 2.7 to 3.1; anal base 2.1 to 2.5; 

 pectoral 1.6 to 1.75. D. IV-I, 8; A. Ill, 8; P. 15 or 16; scales 39 to 

 43; vertebrae 23 (two specimens dissected) ; gill rakers 40 in a specimen 

 88 mm. long, 50 in a specimen 145 mm. long (73 in a specimen 375 

 mm. long, as shown in description above), evidently increasing in 

 number with age. 



It is stated in the report of the Mission (1943, p. 281) that "liza" 

 is a highly important fish in Peru, and the authors believed that vir- 

 tually the entire catch consists of M. cephalus. "Landings were made 

 from Puerto Pizarro in the north to Ilo in the south, with the bulk 

 of them reported from Callao and Pisco." 



Range. — Shores of nearly all warm seas. On the Atlantic coast of 

 America from Cape Cod to Brazil and on the Pacific coast from 

 California to Chile. 



MUGIL PERUANUS. new species 



Liza 



Figure 82 



Mugil cephalus Evermann and Radcliffe, 1917, p. 49 (in part this species), 

 Callao and Pacasmayo, Peru. 



Head 2.9 to 3.4; depth 3.1 to 3.7; D. IV-I, 8; A. Ill, 8 (II, 9 in 

 young less than about 55 mm. long); P. 15 or 16; scales 39 to 42, 

 generally with 10 through series between bases of second dorsal and 

 anal; vertebrae 24 (two specimens dissected). 



Body fairly compressed; ventral outline somewhat more strongly 

 convex than the dorsal; caudal peduncle rather strongly compressed, 

 its depth 2.8 to 3.4 in head; head convex above, deeper than broad; 

 snout moderately long, 4.6 to 5.5 in head; eye 3.6 to 4.8, adipose 

 tissue developed only in largest specimen (95 mm. long) at hand; 

 interorbital 3.1 to 3.6; mouth rather strongly oblique; lower jaw in- 

 cluded, rather strongly angulate; maxillary scarcely reaching front of 

 eye, 3.9 to 4.5 in head; teeth in upper jaw (premaxUlary) principally 

 in 2 well-separated series, sometimes with a few scattered ones between 

 these rows, those of lower jaw in a single labial series, all teeth appar- 

 ently simple, the outer ones curved inward; preorbital bone weakly 

 serrate; scales on body and head rather hard, more or less rough to 

 the touch, with prominent concentric rings, many on body with ser- 

 rate margins, the spinelike processes extending on the surface of the 

 scales; scales developed early on gill covers, being at least indefinitely 

 present on opercle even in the smallest specimens (35 mm. long) at 



