EXPLANATION OF THE ILLUSTRATION 
Figure I. Heliotype reproduction of a Shawnee 
smoke-stick of cottonwood (Populus balsamifera L.). 
The charred end was kept glowing at the altar-fire 
for lighting cigarettes before prayer. The use of 
certain Christian elements in this aboriginal cult is 
strikingly shown by the presence of the cross and 
the word Christ associated with the crescent-shaped 
altar, its peyote, and the water-bird. Smoke-sticks 
are not always so elaborate, Collected at McCloud, 
Oklahoma, June, 1936. Harvard Botanical Collee- 
tion (Economie Botany) No. 5025. 
[ 142 | 
