and the first intimation that yqj7é and ayahuasca might 
be different plants. In relation to Simson’s report that 
the Ziparos mix a number of plant materials to make the 
narcotic drink, we should point out Spruce’s definite 
statement that, so far as he could discover, the Banis- 
teriopsis was used alone by these Indians. 
Still a further complication arose when, in 1890, Ma- 
gelli, a missionary who had spent much time in the Pas- 
taza and Bobonaza areas of Amazonian Ecuador, reported 
(50) an intoxicating drink which the Jivaro Indians called 
natema. Concerning the botanical source of natema, 
Magelli wrote: ‘‘Natema is a red bark which, when 
boiled 24 hours, yields a decoction which deprives those 
who drink it of their senses for three days... .’’ Ma- 
gelli seems to have confused natema with another narcotic 
—maicoma—which he stated is ‘‘a little less toxic than 
natema.’’ It would appear from Magelli’s notes that he 
used the term natema to refer to a species of Datura and 
maicoma to refer to ayahuasca. As Reinburg (69) has 
suggested, Magelli undoubtedly erred and confused two 
plants whose uses were very similar. Later workers have 
established the fact that natema is actually referable to 
Banisteriopsis, whereas maicoma is, in reality, the much 
employed tree- Datura narcotic of the Jivaros. 
Tyler (92) reported, in 1894, the use and preparation 
of ayahuasca by the Zaparos of the Rio Napo area of 
Ecuador, stating merely that ‘‘the beverage is a decoc- 
tion of a certain species of liana. . .”’ and giving a de- 
scription of the effects of the drug. 
Writing of the Colorados of Ecuador in 1905, Rivet 
(73) referred to nepi (nepe) as a febrifuge, a violent emetic 
and an intoxicant and stated that its source was a “‘liana.”’ 
Later, in a glossary published in 1907 (74), he identified 
the Colorado nepe and the Cayapa pinde as Banisteriop- 
sis Caapi. We might here note that a more recent work 
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