always mixed with natema. Furthermore, in 1926 (36) 
and again as recently as 1935 (87), he set forth his belief 
that ayahuasca and natema were the same and were refer- 
able to Banisteriopsis Caapi. 
Early in the present century, Koch-Griinberg, whose 
extensive travels (1903-1905) and investigations in the 
upper Rio Negro basin and in the Apaporis-Caqueta area 
are classic, stated that ‘‘kaapt’’ was prepared from a mal- 
pighiaceous shrub (39). I have been unable to find in our 
herbaria a specimen collected by Koch-Griinberg. Un- 
doubtedly basing his statement on Spruce’s earlier work 
in the same area, he referred the intoxicant to Banisteri- 
opsis Caapi. According to Koch-Griinberg (89), the 
Tukanos of the Vaupés distinguish two species of caapi; 
but for the second he ventured no botanical determina- 
tion. He also reported that the Karihonas (Hiandkoto- 
Umiua) of the headwaters of the Apaporis knew Banis- 
teriopsis Caapi, calling it yahe and hi(d)-yati(d)yahe. Since 
he did not penetrate to the sources of this river, he had 
to assume the ‘‘identification’’ without specimens. He 
stated, in a letter to Rivet (69) that, for the yayé of the 
Hiandkoto and the mihi of the Kubeos, he unfortunately 
did not have botanical knowledge and could not say 
whether it was Banisteriopsis Caapi or some other plant, 
but that he believed them both to be from this malpigh- 
iaceous species. 
During his studies amongst the Yekwanas of the upper 
Orinoco basin of southern Venezuela, Koch-Griinberg 
(40) found these people using two ‘‘species”’ of narcotic 
vines, one cultivated and one wild. Both were called 
kali. The stronger narcotic of the two was the cultivated 
kind. In his letter to Rivet (69) he stated his belief that 
these both represented Banisteriopsis Caapi. 
Hardenberg (28) and Whiffen (100), writing on the 
Colombian region lying between the Rios Caqueta and 
Ci 
ee 
