inflorescence attached, was determined as Banisteriopsis 
Caapi. This led Gagnepain to the rather extraordinary 
assertion that the yajé of Colombia was the same species 
as the caapi of Brazil, but different from the yayé of Ecua- 
dor. He could state with assurance only that the Ecua- 
dorian yajé represented a species of Banisteria ‘‘near 
ferruginea’”’ and that an exact clarification of the botan- 
ical sources of yayé was still far from realization. 
In 1929 and 1930, the Russian botanist Hammerman 
(26,27) published a rather complete survey of the prob- 
lem. His statements were founded on an evaluation of 
reports in the literature in the light of a study of material 
gathered in 1925-1926 by G. N. Varonof and S. V. 
Juzepezuk along the Rio Orteguaza, in the Colombian 
Comisaria del Caqueta. Pointing out that Zerda Bayén’s 
assertion that the Indians of the Caquetaé mixed four kinds 
of leaves to make a brew which they called yq7é, Hammer- 
man indicated that the material of Voronof and Juzepezuk 
gave a variety of results when chemically analyzed. He 
further stated that there seemed to be several species of 
Banisteriopsis involved, even though most of his material 
apparently was referable to Banisteriopsis quitensis. Any 
one of the species could be a source of the narcotic prep- 
arations of the Indians. He was, withal, careful to em- 
phasize that only Spruce had seen in flower an actual vine 
definitely known to be used to make the hallucinating 
drink. He intimated that the known variation in prep- 
aration, use and effect of the narcotics called caapi, yajé 
and ayahuasca might be due to differences in composition. 
In 1931, Morton (58) described a new species of Ban- 
isteriopsis from southern Colombia, naming it B.inebrians 
Morton because of its use by the Indians of the Com- 
isaria del Putumayo as an inebriant. Basing his state- 
ments on the meticulous field observations of the late 
Guillermo Klug, a German plant collector who worked 
[ 21 ] 
