even in the absence of botanical specimens, that we may 
be justified in assuming that they make their narcotic 
paricd from Virola. Furthermore, Nimuendaju: states 
that Tikuna snuff is made from the bark of a tree. 
Yukuna: linguistic family Arawak, according to 
Koch-Griinberg (22), and Schultes (personal communi- 
cation). 
The Yukunas, who inhabit the uppermost reaches of 
the Miritiparana River in the Comisaria del Amazonas, 
have now almost fully absorbed a once-large tribe of un- 
known linguistic grouping, the Matapies. The Yukunas 
are great chewers of coca and employ tobacco-snuff to 
excess. They use tobacco also in the form of a thick ex- 
tract and in long cigars, as do their Tukanoan neighbors. 
Banisteriopsis spp. are likewise employed to make a nar- 
cotic drink in ways similar to those of adjacent tribes, 
even though the extent of the employment of this drug 
is much smaller than that of the Tukanoans to the north 
(47). 
Tanimuka: linguistic family Arawak, according to 
Schultes (personal communication). 
The Popeyaca River, affluent of the Apaporis and lo- 
‘ated near Yukuna country in the Comisaria del Ama- 
zonas, is the present center of a Tanimuka population 
which is small. A split group of Tanimukas early in the 
present century fled to the distant headwaters of the 
Igarapé Peritomé, a small tributary of the Apaporis up- 
stream from the Popeyaca, to escape persecution by rub- 
ber workers 
The Tanimukas use coca, tobacco and yajé in exactly 
the same way as do their neighbors, the Yukunas. The 
Peritomé-Tanimukas prepare their coca in avery exclu- 
sive and wholly distinet form from any other Indians of 
the Andes or Amazon. 
[ 296 | 
