diameter of 1.8 cm.; and it tapers to a point at each 
end. ‘The exterior surface is a gray-brown color and is 
much wrinkled from drying, resulting in parallel, longi- 
tudinal furrows. ‘The cream-colored interior is solid, and 
gave a positive reaction when tested for starch with an 
iodine solution. 
The microscopic examination showed starch grains of 
kettle-drum, circular and polygonal shapes with a few 
twin aggregates. There’are both small and large gran- 
ules, the former being irregular and seeming to be pre- 
dominantly two- and three-sided. The hilum is concen- 
tric; the lamellae indistinct. The grains measure 5.4 to 
18 micra in diameter. 
Yacovleff and Muelle (1934) report jiquima from the 
Necropolis of Paracas and state that roots of this species 
are frequently found in funeral bundles from this site. 
They further add that some of these specimens were orig- 
inally identified as yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia Poepp. & 
Endl.), but that these have since been checked and found 
to be jiquima. In addition, they say that other roots 
from Paracas Necropolis have been identified as those 
of the sweet potato (Ipomoea Batatas (1..) Poir.). How- 
ever, they do not accept these latter identifications. 
Yacovleff (1933) has made an extensive study of this 
root and its presence on the southern coast of Peru in 
prehistoric times. He has identified not only the remains 
of jiquima, but pottery representations of it as well. 
In addition, he has attributed the elements of certain 
decorative designs to various parts of the plant. 
Mangelsdorf (1942) identifies a root found in a mummy 
bundle from Paracas Necropolis as that of Pachyrrhizus 
Ahipa Parodi. 
KuPHORBIACEAE 
Manihot esculenta Crantz. 
A root of manioc (30/4198) was included among the 
236. | 
