Ficure 2. Manisoba (Manihot) tree types and tapping methods in 
Ceara. 
A. Piaui manisoba, tapped on the root with latex gathered in a dust- 
lined hole in the ground. 
B. Serra de Uruburetama manisoba with hand-sized pieces of bark 
removed down to the wood. The latex dries and coagulates upon 
the bark and exposed wood surface in strings and globules called 
choro. 
C. Low-yielding manisoba typical of region west of the Serra de 
Maranguape and of that about Sobral, Pereiro and Assaré. The 
trunk is hacked irregularly and the latex strings dry and coagu- 
late upon the bark. 
D. Brava manisoba which yields practically no latex, but has been 
hacked experimentally to see if it will yield. 
E. Manisoba of the Serra do Machado, west of Canindé. Below, it 
has been tapped on the saliences of the trunk and the latex col- 
lected in dust-lined holes in the ground ; above, it has been tapped 
experimentally with an Amazonas knife, a method which proved 
unsatisfactory for general use. 
F. Manisoba of the Serras de Baturité and Maranguape. Above, it is 
tapped with the daily paired upward cuts and the latex flows into 
the tin cups; below, a panel cut with the jebong knife, a method 
which is excellent only if the tappers are careful and conscientious. 
[ 308 ] 
