Brazit: Estado do Amazonas—Basin of Rio Madeira, Municipality 
Humayta, on plateau between Rio Livramento and Rio Ipixuna. ‘Tree 
60 ft. high. Cipoal.’’ B. A. Krukoff’s 5th Exped. Braz. Amaz. 7201, 
November 7-18, 1934. (Typus Herb. Arnold Arb. ; Herb. N.Y. Bot. 
Gard. ; Herb. Jard. Bot. Rio.) 
This is the only representative of the genus which 
occurs at any significant distance south of the Amazon 
River, a consideration which has suggested the specific 
epithet. This new species of Cunuria is of considerable 
interest because it has a capsule rather comparable to 
that of C. crassipes, whereas in vegetative characters it 
is extremely similar to C. Spruceana. 
The petioles of Cunuria australs are much thicker 
than those of C. Spruceana, and the leaves appear to 
have been, in life, a bit more coriaceous in texture. The 
stipules, if indeed they are present on Cunuria australis, 
are very caducous, Just as they are in C. Spruceana. 
Cunuria australis is probably more closely allied to C. 
Spruceana than to C. crassipes, and the specimens have, 
in the past, been identified as representing C. Spruceana. 
The ligneous valves of Cunuria australis apparently do 
not open violently, as in the other species of the genus; 
the lack of the characteristic twisting of the valves is in- 
terpreted as indicative of slow and gradual dehiscence. 
A parallel example can be cited in the case of Hevea 
minor Hemsl., the only species in the genus in which the 
valves open slowly, not in a violently explosive manner, 
and persist for some time after the seeds have dropped. 
The fruit of Hevea Spruceana (Benth.) Muell. Arg. 
open explosively, but the valves remain on the tree. The 
capsule of Cunuria australis is only about half as large 
as that of C. Spruceana; the woody endocarp is rather 
thin, and the fleshy epicarp is much thinner and measur- 
ably less fibrous. The difference in size of the fruit is so 
great that, even lacking the other characters of shape and 
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