148 



THE BIRDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 



Eyes not surrouiuk'd b}' i-;idi;ited disk of 

 feathers ; plumage, black or dark brown ; 

 hind toe, short ; claws, not sharp ; head, 

 )are in adult. 



Family CATHARTID/E. Vultures. 



See page 158. 



Eyes not surrounded by radiated disk of feathers, as in tiieOwls : toes, armed with talons; 

 head, not bair. 



Family FALCONID/C. Hawks, Eagles, etc. 



See page 161. 



Eyes, surrouuded by 

 radiated disk of feathers; 

 plumage, soft; bill, 

 booked; toes, armed with 

 laions. 



(a) Middle toe nail witli comh-like cdgf. 



Family STRIGID/E. Barn Owls. 



See page 181. 



{h) Middle toe without comb-like edge. 



Family BUBONID/C. Horned Owls, Hoot Owls. 



See page 18G. 



Toes, four, t\\'o in front and two behind (zygodactyle) ; tail 

 feathers, stiff and pointed. Family PICID/E. Woodpeckers. 



See i)age I'Jl. 



Plumage, glossy black ; first primary, much sliorter than 

 second, not exceeding lialf as long as third; fourth, or fifth primai-y, 

 ' longest; bill, stout and strong; the nostrils, concealed by coarse, 

 ^ hair-like feathers ; outer tail feathers, shorter than middle feathers. 



Family CORVIDi*. Crows and Ravens. 

 ..!.*' See page 201. 



