The Magnolia Warbler (Pcudroira magnolia) 

 By Edward B. Clark 



Synonym. — Black and yellow warbler. 



Description. — .kitdt male in spriiuf. Crown anil nape slat}- bine: back deep 

 black; black bands on tbe sides of tbe head meeting in from and connecting with 

 black of back ; superciliary line, cut off by black in front of eye, white ; a white 

 spot on under eyelid ; rump bright yellow shading into back by yellow or olive- 

 green skirtings; upper tail-covert.s abruptly black; wings and tail black with 

 narrow edgings of bluish gray; a large white blotch on wing, formed by tips of 

 middle, with tips and outer edges of greater, coverts ; tail feathers, except middle 

 pair, with square white blotches on central third of inner weli. ludow rich 

 lemon yellow, clear on throat and middle belly, heavily streaked with l)lack on 

 jugulum, sides of breast, and sides, the streaks tending to become confluent in 

 two or three large strips on sides of breast, and to form a black patch on lower 

 throat; crissum white; bill black: feet dark brown. .Idiilt female in spring: 

 1 ,ike male but duller; more olive-green on back; wing-patch separated into two 

 bars by broader black centers of greater coverts ; less heavily streaked below. 

 Roth sexes in autuniv.: Above olive-green; grayish on head; pale gray on throat; 

 less heavily, or not at all, streaked below. Young: Ashy above with hea\y olive 

 skirtings on back and nearly concealed black spots ; paler yellow below with less 

 streaking; rump and tail as in adult. Length, 4.30-5.23 ( 114.3-].i.i,.-i ) ; wing. 

 2.36 (59.9) ; tail, 1.91 (48.5) ; bill, .36 (9.1). 



Recognition Marks. — Smaller; below, rich yellow heavily streaked with black 

 in spring; square white spots on central third of tail feathers distincti\e in anv 

 plumage. 



Nest. — Of twigs, grasses and weed-stalks, carefully lined with fine rootlets, 

 in coniferous trees, usually three to ten feet high on horizontal branches. Eggs, 

 3-3, white, spotted and blotched with hazel, reddish brown and cimiamon. .Av. 

 .size, .65 X .48 (16.3 x 12.2). 



Range. — Eastern North America west to the base of the Rocky Mountains 

 and casually to British Columbia; breeding from northern New England, New 

 York, and Michigan, to Hudson Bay Territory, and southward in the Alle- 

 ghenies to Pennsyhania. In winter, Bahamas, Cuba and south through t'astern 

 Mexico to Panama. 



It is always with a sense of ]jrivilege that one gazes upon a bird so beautiful, 

 so exquisite as this. It is passing strange that one of such brilliant hue should 

 desert the tropics and proceed not only to Ohio — that were not so strange — 

 but to gloomy Labrador. Surely he must be a vision glorious in that land of 

 fogs and pines and mosses gray! The bird brings with him something of the 

 languid air of the South, a breath as of magnolia blossoms, and a southern 

 name. I'or this bird, like two other warblers, the Palm and the Myrtle, receives 

 its name from the favorite tree of its winter home. 



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