94 UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 2 76 



apparent to the unaided eye. Lines on forewings darker than ground 

 color and not turned toward base of wing as strongly as in males, if at 

 all; median area same color or slightly darker than inner and outer 

 areas. Hindwings about same color as forewings, often with a faint 

 darkened area running across the wing. Lower surface of wings same 

 color as upper, with the inner area darker than outer area. Epiphysis 

 absent or very small. 



FEMALE TERMINALIA. — Genital plate nonsclerotized or only 

 very slightly so. Ovipositor as in figures 86 and 87. See the following 

 diagnosis for a discussion of ovipositor characteristics. 



ADULT DIAGNOSIS.— The only males likely to be confused with c. 

 constrictum are those of Af. tigris and M. disstria since both have dark lines 

 on a light ground color. M. disstria is distinguished by the characters 

 given in the adult diagnosis (page 86). Male tigris are not so easily 

 separated, but one of the best ways to distinguish them is by distribution, 

 since the ranges oi constrictum (fig. 4) and tigris (fig. 1) do not overlap. In 

 the event one of them should be introduced into the range of the other, 

 however, there are other good characters which will permit separation. 



Male tigris (males in figs. 161-175) often have the hindwing darker 

 than the forewing, and the outer line of the forewing is usually bent 

 toward the wingtip so that it meets the costal margin at an acute angle 

 rather than at a right angle as in most constrictum. A few constrictum 

 (figs. 146 and 150), however, may have an outer line similar to that of 

 tigris, and a few tigris (fig. 173) may have an outer line similar to 

 constrictum. 



The terminalia of male constrictum are also different from those of 

 tigris. The "arms" of the eighth sternite oi constrictum (fig. 38) converge 

 distinctly, and the distance between the points of the "arms" is approxi- 

 mately equal to half the basal width at its widest point. The "arms" of 

 the eighth sternite of tigris (fig. 39) are nearly parallel or only slightly 

 converging, and the distance between the points is greater than half 

 the basal width. The posterior edge of the seventh sternite of constrictum 

 (fig. 58) usually has three distinctive points, while that of tigris (fig. 59) 

 usually has a few small, irregularly placed projections or none at all. 

 The prongs of the accessory claspers of constrictum always are sharply 

 pointed (fig. 13), while those oi tigris are sometimes pointed, but more 

 often jagged, appearing as if they had been broken off (fig. 14). 



Female constrictum can be confused only with tigris since these two 

 species are the sole ones in which the females are dark brown, and have 

 the forewings dusted with whitish-yellow scales which are conspicuous 

 to the unaided eye. The genital plate of constrictum nearly always is 

 unsclerotized, but the genital plate of tigris may be unsclerotized, so 

 positive identification cannot be made by this means. The shape of the 



