BIRDS — FRIN'GIT.LTDAE — GITIRACA LmOVICIANA. 



497 



The essential character of the genua, as hero established, lii-s in tlio very thick, slightly arched 

 bill, the pointed wings, longer than the even tail, and the tarsi shorter than the middle toe. 



Taking G. va-rulea as the type of the genus. It differs from huloviciana and melanocephala 

 in liaving a larger and deejier lower jaw, in proportion to the upper ; the commissure more 

 abruptly anguhited ; a more distinct ridge ; the lateral toes rather shorter. Tlic Cijanoloxia 

 purdlina of Bonaparte, assigned to the same genus by him, is radically different, the bill being 

 more like Cyanopiza in the comparative weakness of the lower jaw ; the feet are much more slender, 

 the tail shorter and much more rounded. According to G. R. Gray, the genus Ooniaphca of 

 Bowilich, has the Loxia ludoviciana as type. 



The species may be grouped as follows: 



GUIRACA. 



Blue ; wings banded with chestnut brown (r. ccerulea. 



GONIAPHEA. 



Black ; breast rose colored ; belly white. Under wing coverts of female saffron yellow or 

 fulvous G- ludoviciana. 



Black ; mediiin band on the crown, nuchal collar, rump aud under parts yellowish cinnamon ; 

 central line of belly yellow. Under wing coverts of female clear lemon yellow... G. melanocephala. 



Comparative meastirements of species. 



GUIRACA LUDOVICIANA, Swainson. 



Rose-breasted Grosbeak. 



toxin ludoticiana, LiKN. Syst. Nat. I, 17GG, 306.— Wilson, Am. Orn. 11, 1810, 135 ; pi. .wii, f. 2. 



Guiraca ludovinana, Swainso.v, Pliil. Mag. I, 1827, 438.— Bonap. List, 1838.— Ib. Consp. 1850, .501. 



FringiUa ludoviciana, AoD. Orn. Biog. II, 1834, 166: V, 513 ; pi. 127. 



Pyrrhula ludoviciana, Sab. Zool. App. Franklin's Narr. 



CeecothrausUs ludoviciana, Rich. List, Pr. Br. Ass. 1837. 



Coccoborus ludovicianus, Add. Syn. 1839, 133.— In. Birds Ani. Ill, 1841, 209 ; pi. 205. 



" Goniaphea ludoviciana, Bowdich." 



Iledymelea ludoviciana, Cabakis, Mus. Hcin. 1851, 153. 



FringiUa punicea, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I, 1788, 921. (Male.) 



Loxia obscura, Gmelix, I, 1788, 862. 



Loxia rosea, Wilson, Am. Orn. pi. xvii, f. 2. 



Coccolhraustcs rubricotlis, Vieillot, Galeri des Ois. I, 1824, G7 ; pi. Iviii. 



Sr. Ch. — Upper parts generally, svilli head and neck all round, glossy black. A broad crescent across the upper part of the 

 breast, extending narrowly down to the bcllv, axillaries, and under wing coverts, carmine. Rest of unrlcr parl.'j, rump and upper 

 tail coverts, middle wing coverts, spots on llie tertiaries and inner great wing coverts, basal half of primaries and secondaries, 

 and a large patch on the ends of the inner webs of tlic uuler three tail feathers, pure white. 

 .In UP 1!), 18.58. 



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